Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chassis Design

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fundamentals of Tractor Design

  • 2144 Accesses

Abstract

For global requirements, see Table 3.1. Tractor tires must be able to perform not only off-road but in many countries also on-road. International top speeds are often 28-32 km/h, which is about 20 mph.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References – Translation of titles in ( )

  1. Brodbeck, K.N.: Choosing the Right Tire. ASAE Lecture No. 28. St. Joseph MI: ASAE 2004 (see also R.W. Ellis/ASAE Lecture No. 3 from 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  2. -.-: Trelleborg Wheel Systems S.p.A., Rome: Technical Manual, issue 2015. (See also similar brochures of Continental, Bridgestone, Firestone, Goodyear, Kléber, Michelin, Mitas, Nokian, Pirelli, Taurus, Vredestein and others).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Steinkampf, H.: Ermittlung von Reifenkennlinien und Gerätezugleistungen für Ackerschlepper. (Determination of tire performance characteristics and drawbar power for tractors.). Ph.D. thesis TH Braunschweig 1974. Landbauforschung Völkenrode, Special Issue 27 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  4. ETRTO: Standards Manual. Agricultural Equipment Tires. European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation. Brussels: 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Zoz, F.M., and R.D. Turner: Effect of “Correct” Pressure on Tractive Efficiency of Radial Ply Tires. ASAE Paper 94-1051. St. Joseph MI: ASAE 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Schwanghart, H.: Effect of Reduced Tire Inflation Pressure on Agricultural Tires. 6th European ISTVS Conference Vienna 28.-30.09.1994. Proceed. Vol. I, 277–294.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Lanças, K.P., A.G. Santos Filho, and S.K. Upadhyaya: Energy and time savings using “low/correct” inflation pressure in radial ply tires. Int. Conf. Agric. AgEng ‘96 Madrid, Sep. 23–26, 1996. Proceedings: Report No. 96-A-021.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Kiesing, A., and H. Göhlich: Ackerschlepper- Reifendynamik. (Tractor tire dynamics). Part I–III. Grundl. Landtechnik 38 (1988) No. 3, 78–87, No. 4, 101–106, No. 5, 137–143.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kiesing, A.: Dynamische Eigenschaften von Traktorreifen. (Tractor tire dynamics). Ph.D. thesis TU Berlin 1988. Fortschritt- Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 50. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kutzbach, H.D., and H. Schrogl: Dynamic behaviour of rolling tires. Proceed. of 9th Intern. ISTVS Conference Barcelona 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lines, J.A., and K. Murphy: The stiffness of agricultural tractor tyres. J. of Terramechanics 28 (1991) No. 1, 49-64.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cuong, D.M., S. Zhu, and N.T. Ngoc: Study on the variation characteristics of vertical equivalent damping ratio of tiresoil system using semi-empirical model. J. of Terramechanics 5l (2014), 67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Galileo Galilei: Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno due nuove scienze attenenti alla mecanica & i movimenti locali (Italian), Netherlands: 1638. Translation in German edited by A. v. Oettingen. Darmstadt: Wiss. Buchgesellschaft 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Söhne, W.: Allrad- oder Hinterradantrieb bei Ackerschleppern hoher Leistung (4WD or 2WD for high power tractors). Grundl. Landtechnik 14 (1964) No. 20, 44–52.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Rempfer, M.: Investigations on the Tire Equipment of Agricultural Standard Tractors. 13th International ISTVS Conference Sept. 14-17, 1999 TU Munich. Proceed. Vol. I, 105–112.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Rempfer, M.: Grundlagen der automatischen Reifendruckverstellung bei Traktoren. (Fundamentals of automatic tire inflation control). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2003. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI, Series 14, No. 111. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Schwanghart, H.: Measurement of contact area, contact pressure and compaction under tires in soft soils. 10th Intern. ISTVS Conference Kobe, Japan, Aug. 20-24, l990. Proceed. 193–204.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Freitag, D.R.: History of wheels for offroad transport. J. of Terramechanics 16 (1979) No. 2, 49–68.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Renius, K.Th.: Tractors: Two Axle Tractors. In: CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Vol III, 115–184. Edited by B.A. Stout and B. Cheze. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bergmann, W.: Steifigkeit sperriger Bauteile. (Stiffness of bulky design elements) Grundl. Landtechnik 1 (1951) No. 1, 61–67. (also Ph.D. thesis TH Braunschweig 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Würtele, E., and H. Böhler: FEM Berechnungen des Traktorrumpfes. (FEM calculation of the tractor chassis). In: VDI-Berichte 2045, 27–32. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Göhlich, H., and J.-C. Kipp: New Aspects in Tractor Development and Design. Proc. Intern. Symposium on Agricultural Mechanization Tokyo 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Böhler, H.: Traktormodell zur Simulation der dynamischen Belastungen bei Transportfahrten. (Tractor model to simulate dynamic loads for transport operations). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2001. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 104. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ramaha, O.A., and W.J. Chancelor: Peak and Average Loads on Tractor Structures. Transactions ASAE 36 (1994) No. 6, 1733–1740.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Späth, R.: Dynamische Kräfte an Standardtraktoren und ihre Wirkungen auf den Rumpf. (Dynamic forces on standard tractors and their influences on the chassis structure). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2003. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 115. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Dowling, N.E.: Fatigue Failure Predictions for Complicated Stress-Strain Histories. J. of Materials 7 (1972) No. 1, 71–87.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Buxbaum, O.: Betriebsfestigkeit. (Cumulative damage in fatigue). 2nd Ed. Düsseldorf: Verlag Stahleisen 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Paul, M., and E. Wilks: Driven Front Axles for Agricultural Tractors. ASAE Lecture Series No. 14. St. Joseph MI: ASAE 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Freimann, R., and M. Brenninger: Systematische Betrachtungen zu gefederten Traktor- Frontachsen. (Design systematic for suspended front axles). In: VDI-Berichte 1449, 25–30. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Bauer, W.: Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Matthies, H.J., and K.Th. Renius: Einführung in die Ölhydraulik. (Introduction to oil hydraulics). 8th Edition. Wiesbaden: Verlag Springer-Vieweg 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Clay, R., and P. Hemmingway: Engineering Tractors for Higher Speeds. ASAE Lecture No. 25, St. Joseph MI: ASAE 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Swinnerton, P., and L. Helmick: A Load Sensing Hydropneumatic Suspension for a Full Suspension Tractor. In: VDI-Berichte 2251, 227–235. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2015

    Google Scholar 

  34. v. d. Westhuizen, F.S., and P.S. Els: Comparison of different gas models to calculate the spring force of a hydropneumatic suspension. J. of Terramechanics 57 (2015), 41–59.

    Google Scholar 

  35. -.-: ASPlight. Free software of HYDAC. Internet, accessed 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Gobbi, M., G. Mastinu and G. Previati: Farm tractors with suspended front axle: Anti-dive and anti-lift characteristics. J. of Terramechanics 56 (2014) 157–172.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Uberti, S., et al.: Design of a double wishbone front suspension for an orchard-vineyard tractor: Kinematic analysis. J. of Terramechanics 57 (2015) 23–39.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Wiley, J.C., and R.J. Turner: Power Hop Instability of Tractors. ASABE Lecture Series No. 32. St. Joseph, MI, ASABE 2008.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Meiners, H.H.: Die Beanspruchung einzelner Schlepperaggregate bei unterschiedlichen landwirtschaftlichen Arbeiten. (Loads on tractor components for different agricultural operations). Landtechnik 39 (1984) No. 10, 438–441.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Renius, K.Th.: Betriebsfestigkeitsberechnung von Maschinenelementen bei Ackerschleppern. (Application of cumulative damage theory to agricultural tractor design) Konstruktion 29 (1977) No. 3, 85–93. Unpublished English version available from the author for personal use.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Reiter, H.: Verluste und Wirkungsgrade bei Traktorgetrieben. (Losses and efficiencies of tractor transmissions). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1990. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 46. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Brenninger, M.: Verluste an Traktorfrontachsen. (Losses of tractor front axles). Landtechnik 53 (1998). Special edition “Prof. Renius 65”, 193–194.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hofer, M., and A. Al-Deen: Verbessertes Beölungssystem für “Nasse Bremsen” im Traktor. (Improved lubrication system for wet tractor brakes). In: VDI-Berichte 1449, 31–36. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Breuer, B., and K.H. Bill (editors): Bremsenhandbuch. (Handbook of Brakes). 4th Ed., Wiesbaden: Verlag Springer Vieweg 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Albanesi, S.: Braking systems: work safety. (Italian/Engl.). Mondo Macchina 24 (2015), No. 3–4, 42–48.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Lankensperger, G.: Bavarian privilege of 25.05.1816, document as applied as English patent No. 4241 (27.01.1818) by his friend R. Ackermann. Source: Eckermann, E.: Study paper on steering systems. Munich: German Museum of Technology 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Information from CNH International and AGCO-Valtra 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Brenninger, M.: Stufenlos geregelter Allradantrieb für Traktoren (Infinitely variable tractor all-wheel drive control). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2002. Fortschritt- Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 526. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Fukui, T.: Fahrzeug mit Allradantrieb. (Vehicle with all-wheel drive). Application for patent by DE 3408991, F.R.G. (12.3.1984 by Kubota, Japan).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Nighswonger, L.L., and J.A. Polacek: An auxiliary front wheel drive using tractor hydraulics. SAE Paper 690592. Warrendale, PA: SAE 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Grad, K.: Zur Steuerung und Regelung des Allradantriebes bei Traktoren. (Front axle speed control for tractors). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 1996. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 14, No. 46. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Woopen, T.: Antriebsstrangkonzepte zur Realisierung eines adaptiven Vorderradantriebes für Traktoren mittlerer Leistung. (Powertrains for an adaptive front-wheel drive for medium power tractors). In: VDI-Berichte 2273, 91–97. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Renius, K.Th.: Stufenlose Drehzahl-Drehmomentwandler in Ackerschleppergetrieben. (CVTs in tractor transmissions). Grundl. Landtechnik 19 (1969) No. 4, 109–118.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Graf, M., M. Brenninger, and R. Heindl: CVDT – The Next Level in Tractor Transmission Technology. In: VDI-Berichte 2251, 39–44. Düsseldorf: VDI-Verlag 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Wang, J. et al.: Pivot steering resistance torque based on tire torsion deformation. J. of Terramechanics 52 (2014) 47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Dudzinski, P.: Lenksysteme für Nutzfahrzeuge. (Steering systems for commercial vehicles). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer 2005

    Google Scholar 

  57. Wittren, R.A.: Power Steering for Agricultural Tractors. ASAE Lecture No. 1. St. Joseph, MI: ASAE 1975

    Google Scholar 

  58. Grad, K., und R. Nebel: Standlenkmomente bei Traktoren mit Achsschenkellenkung. (Ackermann steering torques for tractors in a stop position). Landtechnik 46 (1991) No. 10, 479–482.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Hesse, H.: Hydraulik für Traktoren. (Tractor hydraulics). Edited by Bosch Rexroth 2014. ISBN 978-3-9814879-8-5.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Renius, K.Th.: Aspekte der zukünftigen Schlepperentwicklung. (Aspects of future tractor development) Periodical “Landtechnik von Morgen” of Schlüter Company, Freising (1985) No. 24, 5–13.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Mariutti, H.: Lastkollektive für die Fahrantriebe von Traktoren mit Bandlaufwerken. (Transmission load spectra for rubber track tractors). Ph.D. thesis TU Munich 2002. Fortschritt-Ber. VDI Series 12, No. 530. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Burt, E.C., J.H. Taylor, and L.G. Wells: Traction benefits of prepared traffic lanes. Agricultural Engng. 65 (1984) No. 9, 16–18.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Taylor, J.H.: Controlled Traffic: A Soil Compaction Management Concept. SAE Paper No. 860731. Warrendale, PA: SAE 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Chamen, W.T.C., and E. Audsley: A study of the comparative economics of conventional and zero traffic systems for arable crops. Soil & Tillage Research 35 (1993) No. 4, 369–390.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Tullberg, J., D.F. Yule, and D. McGarry: Controlled traffic farming–From research to adoption in Australia. Soil and Tillage Res. 97 (2007) Issue 2, 272-281.

    Google Scholar 

Other suggested publications:

  • Márquez, L.: TRACTORES AGRÍCOLAS: TECNOLOGÍA Y UTILIZACIÓN (Agricultural Tractors: Technologies and Application). Blake y Helsey Españia S. L., Editores. Madrid 2012. ISBN 978-84-935183-5-6.

    Google Scholar 

  • J. H. Lee, and K. Gard: Vehicle-soil interaction: Testing, modeling, calibration and validation. J. of Terramechanics 52 (2014) 9–2l (This article addresses front axle lead for tractors with Ackermann steering).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kutzbach, H.D.: Investigations on Tractor Tyres – Test Stands and Results. 6. European ISTVS Conf. Wien, Sep. 28–30, 1994. Proceedings Vol. 1, 219–237.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Baldham, Germany

    Karl Theodor Renius

Authors
  1. Karl Theodor Renius
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karl Theodor Renius .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Renius, K.T. (2020). Chassis Design. In: Fundamentals of Tractor Design. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32804-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32804-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32803-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32804-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation