Abstract
In operational fields, there is a growing use of simulators during training protocols because of their versatility, the possibility of limiting costs and increasing efficiency. This work aimed at proposing an EEG-based neurometric of mental workload, previously validated in other contexts, as a taxonomic tool to evaluate the similarity, in terms of cognitive demands, of two different systems: the da Vinci surgical system, leader in the field of robotic surgery, and the Actaeon Console by BBZ, basically a cheaper simulator aimed to train students to use the da Vinci system. Such a neurophysiologic evaluation of the workload demand was also integrated by information derived by the task performance and self-reports. The results validated the proposed EEG-based workload index and indicated the potentially fruitful use of simulators because of their high similarity in terms of cognitive demands.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Flight Simulation: Virtual Environments in Aviation, 1st edn. (Hardback). Routledge. Routledge.com. https://www.routledge.com/Flight-Simulation-Virtual-Environments-in-Aviation-1st-Edition/Lee/p/book/9780754642879. Accessed 04 July 2019
Sellberg, C., Lindmark, O., Rystedt, H.: Learning to navigate: the centrality of instructions and assessments for developing students’ professional competencies in simulator-based training. WMU J. Marit. Aff. 17(2), 249–265 (2018)
Rech, M., Bos, D., Jenkings, K.N., Williams, A., Woodward, R.: Geography, military geography, and critical military studies. Crit. Mil. Stud. 1(1), 47–60 (2015)
Yiannakopoulou, E., Nikiteas, N., Perrea, D., Tsigris, C.: Virtual reality simulators and training in laparoscopic surgery. Int. J. Surg. Lond. Engl. 13, 60–64 (2015)
Vaughan, N., Dubey, V.N., Wainwright, T.W., Middleton, R.G.: A review of virtual reality based training simulators for orthopaedic surgery. Med. Eng. Phys. 38(2), 59–71 (2016)
Andrews, D.H.: Relationships among simulators, training devices, and learning: a behavioral view. Educ. Technol. 28(1), 48–54 (1988)
Maeso, S., et al.: Efficacy of the Da Vinci surgical system in abdominal surgery compared with that of laparoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann. Surg. 252(2), 254–262 (2010)
Ritter, E.M., Scott, D.J.: Design of a proficiency-based skills training curriculum for the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery. Surg. Innov. 14(2), 107–112 (2007)
Hussein, A.A., et al.: Technical mentorship during robot-assisted surgery: a cognitive analysis. BJU Int. 118(3), 429–436 (2016)
McLeod, P.J., Steinert, Y., Meagher, T., Schuwirth, L., Tabatabai, D., McLeod, A.H.: The acquisition of tacit knowledge in medical education: learning by doing. Med. Educ. 40(2), 146–149 (2006)
Borghini, G., et al.: EEG-based cognitive control behaviour assessment: an ecological study with professional air traffic controllers. Sci. Rep. 7(1), 547 (2017)
Byrne, A.: The effect of education and training on mental workload in medical education. In: Longo, L., Leva, M.C. (eds.) H-WORKLOAD 2018. CCIS, vol. 1012, pp. 258–266. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14273-5_15
Hart, S.G., Staveland, L.E.: Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): results of empirical and theoretical research. In: Hancock, P.A., Meshkati, N. (eds.) Advances in Psychology, vol. 52, pp. 139–183. North-Holland, Amsterdam (1988)
Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Di Flumeri, G., Sciaraffa, N., Colosimo, A., Babiloni, F.: Passive BCI in operational environments: insights, recent advances, and future trends. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64(7), 1431–1436 (2017)
Moustafa, K., Luz, S., Longo, L.: Assessment of mental workload: a comparison of machine learning methods and subjective assessment techniques. In: Longo, L., Leva, M.C. (eds.) H-WORKLOAD 2017. CCIS, vol. 726, pp. 30–50. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_3
Borghini, G., et al.: Quantitative assessment of the training improvement in a motor-cognitive task by using EEG, ECG and EOG Signals. Brain Topogr. 29(1), 149–161 (2016)
Borghini, G., et al.: A new perspective for the training assessment: machine learning-based neurometric for augmented user’s evaluation. Front. Neurosci. 11, 325 (2017)
Arico, P., et al.: Human factors and neurophysiological metrics in air traffic control: a critical review. IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 10, 250–263 (2017)
Borghini, G., et al.: Neurophysiological measures for users’ training objective assessment during simulated robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. In: 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 981–984 (2016)
Wickens, Christopher D.: Mental workload: assessment, prediction and consequences. In: Longo, L., Leva, M.C. (eds.) H-WORKLOAD 2017. CCIS, vol. 726, pp. 18–29. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_2
Parasuraman, R., McKinley, R.A.: Using noninvasive brain stimulation to accelerate learning and enhance human performance. Hum. Factors J. Hum. Factors Ergon. Soc. 56(5), 816–824 (2014)
Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Di Flumeri, G., Colosimo, A., Pozzi, S., Babiloni, F.: A passive brain-computer interface application for the mental workload assessment on professional air traffic controllers during realistic air traffic control tasks. Prog. Brain Res. 228, 295–328 (2016)
Aricò, P., et al.: Adaptive automation triggered by eeg-based mental workload index: a passive brain-computer interface application in realistic air traffic control environment. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 10, 539 (2016)
Di Flumeri, G., et al.: EEG-based mental workload neurometric to evaluate the impact of different traffic and road conditions in real driving settings. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 12, 509 (2018)
Di Flumeri, G., Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Colosimo, A., Babiloni, F.: A new regression-based method for the eye blinks artifacts correction in the EEG signal, without using any EOG channel. In: Conference Proceedings of Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2016)
Delorme, A., Makeig, S.: EEGLAB: an open source toolbox for analysis of single-trial EEG dynamics including independent component analysis. J. Neurosci. Methods 134(1), 9–21 (2004)
Elul, R.: Gaussian behavior of the electroencephalogram: changes during performance of mental task. Science 164(3877), 328–331 (1969)
Harris, F.J.: On the use of windows for harmonic analysis with the discrete Fourier transform. Proc. IEEE 66(1), 51–83 (1978)
Klimesch, W.: EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res. Rev. 29(2–3), 169–195 (1999)
Borghini, G., Astolfi, L., Vecchiato, G., Mattia, D., Babiloni, F.: Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 44, 58–75 (2014)
Bamber, D.: The area above the ordinal dominance graph and the area below the receiver operating characteristic graph. J. Math. Psychol. 12(4), 387–415 (1975)
Fawcett, T.: An introduction to ROC analysis. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 27(8), 861–874 (2006)
Helmreich, R.L.: On error management: lessons from aviation. BMJ 320(7237), 781–785 (2000)
Walter, C., Schmidt, S., Rosenstiel, W., Gerjets, P., Bogdan, M.: Using cross-task classification for classifying workload levels in complex learning tasks. In: 2013 Humaine Association Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, pp. 876–881 (2013)
Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Flumeri, G.D., Sciaraffa, N., Babiloni, F.: Passive BCI beyond the lab: current trends and future directions. Physiol. Meas. 39(8), 08TR02 (2018)
Parasuraman, R.: Neuroergonomics: research and practice. Theor. Issues Ergon. Sci. 4(1–2), 5–20 (2003)
Di Flumeri, G., Aricò, P., Borghini, G., Sciaraffa, N., Di Florio, A., Babiloni, F.: The dry revolution: evaluation of three different EEG dry electrode types in terms of signal spectral features, mental states classification and usability. Sensors 19(6), 1365 (2019)
Sciaraffa, N., et al.: Brain interaction during cooperation: evaluating local properties of multiple-brain network. Brain Sci. 7(7), 90 (2017)
Antonacci, Y., Toppi, J., Caschera, S., Anzolin, A., Mattia, D., Astolfi, L.: Estimating brain connectivity when few data points are available: Perspectives and limitations. In: 2017 39th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp. 4351–4354 (2017)
Acknowledgements
The BBZ team and the University of Verona are sincerely acknowledged for allowing the use of their facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Di Flumeri, G. et al. (2019). EEG-Based Workload Index as a Taxonomic Tool to Evaluate the Similarity of Different Robot-Assisted Surgery Systems. In: Longo, L., Leva, M. (eds) Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications. H-WORKLOAD 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1107. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32423-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32423-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32422-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32423-0
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)