Abstract
One of the biggest challenges facing the modern world is competition and conflict over the sharing of energy resources within the international system. Energy security challenges among the nations have emerged as a result of the unequally distributed fossil fuel resources around the world. Tapping the Renewable Energy Source (RES) potential is becoming critically significant in the face of depletion of conventional energy sources and their negative impact on the environment. Therefore, as a geopolitically important actor, Turkey has set some RES targets for 2023 and tries to achieve these targets with supportive regulations and legislation to raise its standards to European Union levels. Firstly, this chapter presents the RES potential and the current level of RES development in Turkey. Furthermore, it also discusses various impediments against the rapid progress of RES investments and reaching the RES targets in Turkey. Overall, we conclude that Turkey has a remarkable economic RES potential, which is largely untapped both in Turkey but also elsewhere around the world. This is mainly due to various barriers, such as lengthy administrative procedures, stop on license provision observed in various instances and economic issues. Therefore, in the current situation, it seems that the 2023 targets can be reached only if hard and consistent work and policies are continued in Turkey.
Paper presented during CEVI session at “The 13th international conference of the International Society for the Intercommunication of New Ideas (ISINI) which was held at the WSB University in Wrocław, Poland, 30–31 August 2018.”
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- 1.
EIA (2016) projects an increase of 48% between 2012 and 2040 in total world consumption of marketed energy in their International Energy Outlook 2016. BP (2016) projects an increase of 34% between 2014 and 2035 in energy consumption in their Energy Outlook. IEA (2015) states that energy use worldwide is set to grow by one-third to 2040 in their central scenario in their World Energy Outlook.
- 2.
We note here that reservoir hydro has been considered as RES, which is the convention that is also used in the NREAP for Turkey. It is often challenged to consider dam hydro as RES, because of its invasive and irreversible impact on the environment.
- 3.
Based on latest official demand forecast (TEIAS 2018b).
- 4.
In 2007, the total installed Wind capacity around the world was around 100 GW. Hence, it would be highly unlikely that all projects could be realised.
Abbreviations
- BP:
-
British Petrol
- EIA:
-
Energy Information Administration
- EMRA:
-
Energy Market Regulatory Authority
- EU:
-
European Union
- FIT:
-
Feed-in tariff
- GDRE:
-
General Directorate of Renewable Energy
- IEA:
-
International Energy Agency
- mtoe:
-
Million tonnes of oil equivalent
- NREAP:
-
National Renewable Energy Action Plan
- PV:
-
Photo Voltaic
- RES:
-
Renewable Energy Source
- REZ:
-
Renewable Energy Zones
- SWH:
-
Solar water heaters
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Acknowledgment
We are grateful to three anonymous referees and the editor for important suggestions which greatly helped to improve this chapter. Remaining errors are ours.
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Lise, W., Bayramoğlu-Lise, B. (2020). Tapping the Potential: Turkey and Renewable Energy Sources. In: Dorsman, A., Arslan-Ayaydin, Ö., Thewissen, J. (eds) Regulations in the Energy Industry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32296-0_7
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