Abstract
Italy is experiencing a ‘second era’ in evaluation. Introduced in the Nineties, thanks to a New-Public-Management-inspired political agenda, and to the requirements of the European Union, evaluation was not able to enroot itself into the Italian public culture, except for some forerunner public managers and administrations. The last twenty years, however, have shown a process of institutionalisation, brought forward through new regulations, the creation of institutions and processes focusing on evaluation in sectors such as health, schools, university, EU programmes and public investments, and more recently, within the judiciary system and in the non-profit sector. Evaluation today needs to find a space in a substantial way. The Italian public system will take a step further if it will promote an evaluation approach more based on results than on compliance, and will agree on the responsibility of managers for making choices that are discretionary, but not arbitrary.
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Notes
- 1.
Five regions (such as, Sicily, Sardinia, and other border regions) out of 20 have a special status and their legislative power is higher than the power held by the other regions.
- 2.
The Italian constitution (Article 117) also identifies a conspicuous number of topics with a shared competence between regions and state, thus generating a large number of conflicts of jurisdiction between the two levels.
- 3.
Law 246/2005 aimed at simplifying the excessive number of laws in Italy—more than 100,000—of which 18,000 were regional laws and 10,000 were European laws, according to a study of the House of Representatives. The Simplification Law foresaw several measures for reducing the number of laws, among which were the abolition of laws promulgated before 1970 (with some exceptions), and the introduction of the RIA for bills of law.
- 4.
More information can be found at: http://www.senato.it/4783?testo_generico=1299.
- 5.
More information can be found on the project website: www.capire.org.
- 6.
In Italy the territorial development programmes of the 2000–2006 period were called Nuova Programmazione—New Programming. According to the Study Service of the House of Representatives (Servizio Studi della Camera dei Deputati 2005), the overall financial amount for the 2000/2006 programming period was equal to EUR 64,295 million; in the period 2007–2013, the total amount was EUR 59,413 million (Open Coesione 2017, data on the certified expenditure for the period 2007–2013).
- 7.
For a complete reconstruction of the creation of the Department for Cohesion policy, see Melloni and Pasqui (2009).
- 8.
More information about this on the ANVUR website: http://www.anvur.it/anvur/struttura-organizzativa/.
- 9.
Named after the minister of the Berlusconi government issuing the decree 150/2009.
- 10.
The Constitutional Reform, that was finally rejected by the Referendum of 4 December 2016, aimed at reforming the Senate in order to change its dimension (from 315 to 100 members) and functions: from a perfect equivalent of the House of the Representatives, to a non-elected body formed by representatives of the regions, with competencies on a restricted list of topics. A policy evaluation function was also attributed to the reformed Senate. The House of the Representatives was the sole custodian of the legislative power. The reform also led to the abolition of the provinces and the absorption of functions and personnel within the regions.
- 11.
The number of experts included within the National List of Experts for the OIVs.
- 12.
The judiciary sector was composed in 2013 of nearly 9000 magistrates, and 39,000 administrative staff; the overall financial resources for the sector were about EUR 3.4 billion; the judiciary procedures, both civil and criminal sectors, were EUR 7 million (Performance Plan of the Judiciary Sector 2013).
- 13.
For a complete reconstruction of the introduction of evaluation in the judiciary system, see Vecchi (2018).
- 14.
Reference here is made to the Diffusion of Best Practices into the Judicial Offices programme, co-financed by the European Social Fund, targeting several judiciary offices and taking place from 2009 to 2016.
- 15.
See the website at: https://www.eipa.eu/portfolio/european-caf-resource-centre/.
- 16.
For more information see the website: https://www.cittadinanzattiva.it/.
- 17.
More information on the website: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/policy/evaluations/member-states/.
- 18.
The website can be found at: http://www.valutazioneitaliana.it/contents/pagine/25/allegati/1514891892codicedeont.aiv.pdf.
- 19.
The list of the selected societies is available at: http://www.conibambini.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/Lista-enti-DEFINITIVA-1.pdf.
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Melloni, E. (2020). Italy. In: Stockmann, R., Meyer, W., Taube, L. (eds) The Institutionalisation of Evaluation in Europe . Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32284-7_11
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