Skip to main content

Feature-Level Attention Based Sentence Encoding for Neural Relation Extraction

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing (NLPCC 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNAI,volume 11838))

Abstract

Relation extraction is an important task in NLP for knowledge graph and question answering. Traditional relation extraction models simply concatenate all the features as neural network model input, ignoring the different contribution of the features to the semantic representation of entities relations. In this paper, we propose a feature-level attention model to encode sentences, which tries to reveal the different effects of features for relation prediction. In the experiments, we systematically studied the effects of three strategies of attention mechanisms, which demonstrates that scaled dot product attention is better than others. Our experiments on real-world dataset demonstrate that the proposed model achieves significant and consistent improvement in the relation extraction task compared with baselines.

This paper was sponsored by Shanghai Sailing Program No. 19YF1402300, by the Initial Research Funds for Young Teachers of Donghua University No. 112-07-0053019.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    http://www.nltk.org.

  2. 2.

    http://iesl.cs.umass.edu/riedel/ecml/.

References

  1. Bahdanau, D., Cho, K., Bengio, Y.: Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.0473 (2014)

  2. Beltagy, I., Lo, K., Ammar, W.: Combining distant and direct supervision for neural relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers), pp. 1858–1867 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bordes, A., Usunier, N., Garcia-Duran, A., Weston, J., Yakhnenko, O.: Translating embeddings for modeling multi-relational data. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp. 2787–2795 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  4. GuoDong, Z., Jian, S., Jie, Z., Min, Z.: Exploring various knowledge in relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics, pp. 427–434. Association for Computational Linguistics (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Hashimoto, K., Miwa, M., Tsuruoka, Y., Chikayama, T.: Simple customization of recursive neural networks for semantic relation classification. In: Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1372–1376 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hendrickx, I., Kim, S.N., Kozareva, Z., Nakov, P., Ó Séaghdha, D., Padó, S., Pennacchiotti, M., Romano, L., Szpakowicz, S.: Semeval-2010 task 8: multi-way classification of semantic relations between pairs of nominals. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Semantic Evaluations: Recent Achievements and Future Directions, pp. 94–99. Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hinton, G.E., et al.: Learning distributed representations of concepts. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Amherst, MA, vol. 1, p. 12 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hoffmann, R., Zhang, C., Ling, X., Zettlemoyer, L., Weld, D.S.: Knowledge-based weak supervision for information extraction of overlapping relations. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies-Volume 1, pp. 541–550. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Jat, S., Khandelwal, S., Talukdar, P.: Improving distantly supervised relation extraction using word and entity based attention. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.06987 (2018)

  10. Kambhatla, N.: Combining lexical, syntactic, and semantic features with maximum entropy models for extracting relations. In: Proceedings of the ACL 2004 on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions, p. 22. Association for Computational Linguistics (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lin, Y., Shen, S., Liu, Z., Luan, H., Sun, M.: Neural relation extraction with selective attention over instances. In: Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers), pp. 2124–2133 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Liu, T., Wang, K., Chang, B., Sui, Z.: A soft-label method for noise-tolerant distantly supervised relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1790–1795 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Luong, M.T., Pham, H., Manning, C.D.: Effective approaches to attention-based neural machine translation. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.04025 (2015)

  14. Mintz, M., Bills, S., Snow, R., Jurafsky, D.: Distant supervision for relation extraction without labeled data. In: Proceedings of the Joint Conference of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing of the AFNLP: Volume 2-Volume 2, pp. 1003–1011. Association for Computational Linguistics (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Nguyen, T.H., Grishman, R.: Relation extraction: Perspective from convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Vector Space Modeling for Natural Language Processing, pp. 39–48 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Pennington, J., Socher, R., Manning, C.: Glove: Global vectors for word representation. In: Proceedings of the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pp. 1532–1543 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Riedel, S., Yao, L., McCallum, A.: Modeling relations and their mentions without labeled text. In: Balcázar, J.L., Bonchi, F., Gionis, A., Sebag, M. (eds.) ECML PKDD 2010. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 6323, pp. 148–163. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15939-8_10

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Rush, A.M., Chopra, S., Weston, J.: A neural attention model for abstractive sentence summarization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.00685 (2015)

  19. Socher, R., Huval, B., Manning, C.D., Ng, A.Y.: Semantic compositionality through recursive matrix-vector spaces. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 1201–1211. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Srivastava, N., Hinton, G., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Salakhutdinov, R.: Dropout: a simple way to prevent neural networks from overfitting. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 15(1), 1929–1958 (2014)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Surdeanu, M., Tibshirani, J., Nallapati, R., Manning, C.D.: Multi-instance multi-label learning for relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 455–465. Association for Computational Linguistics (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N., Kaiser, Ł., Polosukhin, I.: Attention is all you need. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 5998–6008 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Wu, Y., Bamman, D., Russell, S.: Adversarial training for relation extraction. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1778–1783 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Xu, K., et al.: Show, attend and tell: neural image caption generation with visual attention. In: International Conference on Machine Learning, pp. 2048–2057 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Ye, Z.X., Ling, Z.H.: Distant supervision relation extraction with intra-bag and inter-bag attentions. arXiv preprint arXiv:1904.00143 (2019)

  26. Zeng, D., Liu, K., Chen, Y., Zhao, J.: Distant supervision for relation extraction via piecewise convolutional neural networks. In: Proceedings of the 2015 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pp. 1753–1762 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Zeng, D., Liu, K., Lai, S., Zhou, G., Zhao, J., et al.: Relation classification via convolutional deep neural network (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang, D., Wang, D.: Relation classification via recurrent neural network. arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.01006 (2015)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hui Song .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Dai, L., Xu, B., Song, H. (2019). Feature-Level Attention Based Sentence Encoding for Neural Relation Extraction. In: Tang, J., Kan, MY., Zhao, D., Li, S., Zan, H. (eds) Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing. NLPCC 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11838. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32233-5_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32233-5_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32232-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32233-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics