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Bone Marrow Involvement by Metastases and Granulomatous Conditions

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Practical Lymph Node and Bone Marrow Pathology

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Abstract

The bone marrow (BM) can be involved by a variety of non-hematopoietic processes, such as malignancy and granulomatous conditions. Both aspiration and trephine biopsies are valuable in the evaluation of these non-hematopoietic conditions, and bilateral sampling may increase the diagnostic yield in metastatic disease. Almost any malignant tumor has the potential to metastasize to the marrow, including carcinomas, sarcomas, and melanomas. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and peripheral blood findings are variable. Metastatic non-hematopoietic malignancies can sometimes mimic hematologic tumors; by integrating morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC), the primary origin can often be determined. BM granulomas are an infrequent finding. The differential diagnosis is wide, and clinical findings should direct the majority of the work-up.

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Abbreviations

BCG:

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

BM:

Bone marrow

CMV:

Cytomegalovirus

EBV :

Epstein-Barr virus

GCDFP-15:

Gross cystic disease fluid protein-15

GMS:

Gomori Methenamine-Silver

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IHC:

Immunohistochemistry

ILCA:

Invasive lobular carcinoma

LDH:

Lactate dehydrogenase

MAC:

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

MAHA:

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

NST:

No special type

PNET:

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Keck Medical Center of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Ashley S. Hagiya & Cleandrea Williams

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  1. Ashley S. Hagiya
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  2. Cleandrea Williams
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Correspondence to Ashley S. Hagiya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Health System, Durham, NC, USA

    Endi Wang

  2. Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Health System, Durham, NC, USA

    Anand Shreeram Lagoo

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Hagiya, A.S., Williams, C. (2020). Bone Marrow Involvement by Metastases and Granulomatous Conditions. In: Wang, E., Lagoo, A.S. (eds) Practical Lymph Node and Bone Marrow Pathology. Practical Anatomic Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32189-5_28

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32189-5_28

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