Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Purposeful Pain pp 119–136Cite as

Therapeutic Tattoos and Ancient Mummies: The Case of the Iceman

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Bioarchaeology and Social Theory ((BST))

Abstract

Tattoos have been reported from human remains representing a wide range of cultures and time periods. While the practice of tattooing can be studied using a variety of types of historical evidence, antiquity leaves only naturally and deliberately preserved human skin as a direct source. Today, scholarly research recognizes the Tyrolean Iceman known as Ötzi, dating from 5300 years ago, as the mummy with the oldest tattoos. A complete mapping of this mummy’s tattoos was recently reported. This work has demonstrated the presence of 61 tattoos divided into 19 groups located on different parts of the body. The examination of these tattoos and their locations on the mummy’s body are especially useful for helping researchers to better understand the function of tattooing in prehistoric times. The existing perception regarding tattooing in the past is that the practice evolved as a medicinal therapy. By mapping these tattoos, specific body regions targeted for preventive, curative, and spiritualistic medicine can be elucidated. Using ethnographic data and the bioarchaeological record of tattooed mummies, this chapter explores the development of corporeal markings that were significant from a medical viewpoint. This chapter also discussess the complex system of tools, techniques, and beliefs by which ancient people attempted to control their health, pain and status in society.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Amiras, M. Z. (2009). Tracking the mother-tongue: Tamazight from the Middle Atlas. In M. C. Bronson & T. R. Fields (Eds.), So what? Now what? The anthropology of consciousness responds to a world in crisis (pp. 254–287). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Appell, G. N., & Appell, L. W. R. (2003). Death among the Rungus Momogun of Sabah, Malaysia: the dissolution of personhood and dispersion of the multiple souls and spiritual counterparts. In W. D. Wilder (Ed.), Journeys of the soul: Anthropological studies of death, burial, and reburial practices in Borneo (pp. 41–119). Phillips: Borneo Research Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aufderheide, A. C. (2003). The scientific study of mummies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin, A., & Gobeil, C. (2016). Embodying the divine: A tattooed female mummy from Deir el-Medina. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, 116, 23–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, F. R., Dorfer, L., & Suwanda, S. (2015). Die neuen untersuchungen am Mann im Eis “Ötzi” mit den “Missing Link” als Nachweis für die Entwicklung der Akupuntur in Europa. Akupunktur & Aurikulomedizin, 41(2), 10–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baines, J., & Lacovara, P. (2002). Burial and the dead in ancient Egyptian society. Journal of Social Archaeology, 2(1), 5–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baranska, A., Shawket, A., Jouve, M., Baratin, M., Malosse, C., Voluzan, O., Manh, T.-P. V., Fiore, F., Bajénoff, N., Benaroch, P., Dalod, M., Malissen, M., Henri, S., & Malissen, B. (2018). Unveiling skin macrophage dynamics explains both tattoo persistence and strenuous removal. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 215(3), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Batchelor, J. (1901). The Ainu and their folk-lore. London: Religious Tract Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett, R. G., Lohmann, U., & Bernstein, J. (2011). A field report on the mummification practices of the Anga of Koke village, Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. Yearbook of Mummy Studies, 1, 11–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckett, R. G., Conlogue, G. J., Abinion, O. V., Salvador-Amores, A., & Piombino-Mascali, D. (2017). Human mummification practices among the Ibaloy of Kabayan, North Luzon, the Philippines. Papers on Anthropology, 26(2), 24–37.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birket-Smith, K. (1953). The Chugach Eskimo (Vol. 6). Copenhagen: Nationalmuseets Skrifter, Etnografisk Raekke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, W. S. (1927). The Fellāhīn of Upper Egypt. London: George G. Harrap & Company Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunt, P. (2010). The portrait, the pea’a and the room. In S. Mallon, P. Brunt, & N. Thomas (Eds.), Tatau: Samoan tattoo, New Zealand Art, Global Culture (pp. 34–40). Wellington: The Papa Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capasso, L. (1993). A preliminary report on the tattoos of the Val Senales mummy. Journal of Paleopathology, 5, 173–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Codrington, K. B. (1936). The use of counter-irritants in the Deccan. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 66, 369–377.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cox, S. L. (2015). A critical look at mummy CT scanning. The Anatomical Record, 298, 1099–1110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deter-Wolf, A. (2018). This may be the oldest tattoo kit in the world. http://mentalfloss.com/article/540261/may-be-oldest-tattoo-kit-world. Accessed 26 Apr 2018.

  • Deter-Wolf, A., Robitaille, B., Krutak, L., & Galliot, S. (2016). The world’s oldest tattoos. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 5, 19–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickson, J. H. (2011). Ancient ice mummies. Stroud: The History Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorfer, L., Moser, M., Bahr, F., Spindler, K., Egarter Vigl, E., Guillén, S., Dohr, G., & Kenner, T. (1999). A medical report from the Stone Age? The Lancet, 354(9183), 1023–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eames, I. (2011). Effect of aging on tattoos. Mathematics Today, 47(2), 90–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elwin, V. (1939). The Baiga. London: John Murray.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essene, F. (1942). Culture element distributions: XXI – Round Valley. Anthropological Records, 8(1), 1–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, H. (1956). An anthropological reconnaissance in the Near East, 1950. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology 48(2). Cambridge: Peabody Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, H. (1958). Body-marking in Southwestern Asia. Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology 45(1). Cambridge: Peabody Museum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleckinger, A. (2005). Ötzi, the Iceman. The full facts at a glance (2nd ed.). Bolzano: Folio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fornaciari, G., Giuffra, V., Bortolotti, F., Gottardo, R., Marvelli, S., Marchesini, M., Marinozzi, S., Fornaciari, A., Brocco, G., & Tagliaro, F. (2015). A medieval case of digital poisoning: The sudden death of Cangrande della Scala, lord of Verona (1291–1329). Journal of Archaeological Science, 54, 162–167.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, R. (2017). New tattoos from ancient Egypt: Defining marks of culture. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 11–36). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furlong, G. (1938). Entre los Abipones del Chaco: Según noticias de los misioneros Jesuitas Martin Dobrizhoffer, Domigo Muriel, José Brigniel, Joaquín Camaño, José Jolis, Pedro Juan Andreu, José Cardiel y Vicente Olcina. Buenos Aires: Talleres gráficos “San Pablo”.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furness, W. H. (1899). Life in the Luchu Islands. Bulletin of the Free Museum of Science and Art of the University of Pennsylvania, 2(1), 1–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gambino, M. (2012). Can tattoos be medicinal? https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/can-tattoos-be-medicinal-156450609/. Accessed 4 Apr 2018.

  • Garcia, A. M. B., Beckett, R. J., & Watson, J. T. (2014). Internal environmental characteristics of a Chiribaya style tomb holding swine remains and their taphonomic impact on decomposition delay, a requisite for mummification. Papers on Anthropology, 23(1), 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gems, D., & Partridge, L. (2008). Stress-response hormesis and aging: That which does not kill us makes us stronger. Cell Metabolism, 7(3), 200–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glacken, C. (1955). The great Loochoo. A study of Okinawan village life. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosz, E. (1994). Volatile bodies: Toward a corporeal feminism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guillén, S. E. (2004). Artificial mummies from the Andes. Collegium Antropologicum, 28(Suppl. 2), 141–157.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herber, J. (1928). Tatouages curatifs au Maroc. Revue d’Ethnographie et des Traditions Populaires, 9, 179–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilger, M. I. (1951). Chippewa child life and its cultural background. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 146. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kean, W. F., & Kean, M. (2014). The mechanical back pain and leg neurosensory pain of the Similaun Iceman: Relationship to “medicinal” tattoos. Yearbook of Mummy Studies, 2, 7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kean, W. F., Tocchio, S., Kean, M., & Rainsford, K. D. (2013). The musculoskeletal abnormalities of the Similaun Iceman (“ÖTZI”): Clues to chronic pain and possible treatments. Inflammopharmacology, 21(1), 11–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kodama, S. (1970). Ainu: Historical and anthropological studies. Sapporo: Hokkaido University School of Medicine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kononenko, N., Torrence, R., & Sheppard, P. (2016). Detecting early tattooing in the Pacific region through experimental use-wear and residue analyses of obsidian tools. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 8, 147–163.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (1999). St. Lawrence Island joint-tattooing: Spiritual/medicinal functions and inter-continental possibilities. Études/Inuit/Studies, 23(1–2), 229–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2007). The tattooing arts of tribal women. London: Bennett & Bloom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2010). Kalinga tattoo: Ancient and modern expressions of the tribal. Aschaffenburg: Edition Reuss.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2013a). The power to cure: A brief history of therapeutic tattooing. Zurich Studies in Archaeology, 9, 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2013b). The art of nature: Tattoo history of western Oceania. https://www.larskrutak.com/the-art-of-nature-tattoo-history-of-western-oceania/. Accessed 26 Apr 2018.

  • Krutak, L. (2013c). Embodied symbols of the South Seas: Tattoo in Polynesia. https://www.larskrutak.com/embodied-symbols-of-the-south-seas-tattoo-in-polynesia/. Accessed 26 Apr 2018.

  • Krutak, L. (2014). Tattoo traditions of native North America: Ancient and contemporary expressions of identity. Arnhem: LM Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2015a). The cultural heritage of tattooing: A brief history. In J. Serup, N. Kluger, & W. Bäumler (Eds.), Tattooed skin and health. Current Problems in Dermatology (Vol. 48, pp. 1–5).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2015b). The Iceman’s new tattoos! Can they be medicinal? http://www.larskrutak.com/the-icemans-new-tattoos/. Accessed 26 Apr 2018.

  • Krutak, L. (2017a). Sacrificing the sacred: Tattooed prehistoric ivory figures of St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 262–285). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2017b). A long sleep: Reawakening tattoo traditions in Alaska. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 286–293). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2017c). The visual language of facial tattooing. In J. U. Parkitny (Ed.), Marked for life: Myanmar’s Chin women and their facial tattoos (pp. 14–19). Berlin: Kerber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2018). They last a lifetime – and beyond: Tattoos and ageing. In A. Pawlik (Ed.), Grey is the new pink – Moments of ageing (pp. 154–165). Berlin: Kerber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krutak, L. (2019). Therapeutic tattooing in the Arctic: Ethnographic, archaeological, and ontological frameworks of analysis. International Journal of Paleopathology, 25, 99–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lantis, M. (1984). Aleut. In D. Damas (Ed.), Handbook of North American Indians, Arctic (pp. 161–184). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynn, C. D., Dominguez, J. T., & Decaro, J. A. (2016). Tattooing to ‘toughen up’: Tattoo experiences and secretory immunoglobulin A. American Journal of Human Biology, 28, 603–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lynnerup, N. (2007). Mummies. Yearbook of Physical Anthropology, 50, 162–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mauchamp, E. (1911). La sorcellerie au Maroc. Paris: Dorbon-Ainé.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, C. H. (1966). Ethnographic notes on California Indian tribes, Pt. 1 (Vol. 68). Berkeley: University of California Archaeological Survey Reports.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrill, W. L. (1998). Rarámuri souls: Knowledge and social process in northern Mexico. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Middendorff, A. V. (1875). Reise in den äussersten norden und osten Sibiriens (Vol. IV). St. Petersburg: Buchdruckerei der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, J. J., Baldwin, D. A., Highley, L., Piombino-Mascali, D., & Reinhard, K. J. (2015). Curatorial implications of Ophyra capensis (Order Diptera, Family Muscidae) puparia recovered from the body of the blessed Antonio Patrizi, Monticiano, Italy (Middle Ages). Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 36, 81–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, W. A., Jr., zur Nedden, D., Gostner, P., Knapp, R., Recheis, W., & Horst, S. (2003). The Iceman: Discovery and imaging. Radiology, 226, 614–629.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musshoff, F., Brockmann, C., Madea, B., Rosendahl, W., & Piombino-Mascali, D. (2013). Ethyl glucuronide findings in hair samples from the Capuchin Catacombs of Palermo. Forensic Science International, 232(1–3), 213–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neuman, D. S. (1917). Tattooing on St. Lawrence Island. The Eskimo, 1(11), 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nystrom, K., & Piombino-Mascali, D. (2017). Mummy studies and the soft tissue evidence of care. In L. Tilley & A. A. Schrenk (Eds.), New developments in the bioarchaeology of care (pp. 199–218). Cham: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Osgood, C. (1936). Contributions to the ethnography of the Kutchin (Vol. 14). New Haven: Yale Publications in Anthropology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pabst, M. A., Letofsky-Papst, I., Moser, M., Spindler, K., Bock, E., Wilhelm, P., Dorfer, L., Geigl, J. B., Auer, M., Speicher, M. R., & Hofer, F. (2010). Different staining substances were used in decorative and therapeutic tattoos in a 1000-year-old Peruvian mummy. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37, 3256–3262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pankova, S. (2017). Identifications of Iron Age tattoos from the Altai-Sayan Mountains in Russia. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 66–98). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piombino-Mascali, D. (2018). A comparison between Giovan Battista Rini and Paolo Gorini. Acta Medico-Historica Adriatica, 16(1), 145–156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piombino-Mascali, D., Gill-Frerking, H., & Beckett, R. G. (2017a). The taphonomy of natural mummies. In E. M. J. Schotsmans, N. Márquez-Grant, & S. L. Forbes (Eds.), Taphonomy of human remains: Forensic analysis of the dead and the depositional environment (pp. 101–119). Chichester: Wiley.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Piombino-Mascali, D., Jankauskas, R., Kuncevičius, A., Jakulis, M., Lukšenienė, V., & Kozakaitė, J. (2017b). Crypt archaeology: Preliminary investigations in the Basilian Church of the Holy Trinity of Vilnius, Lithuania. Medicina Historica, 1(2), 128–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piombino-Mascali, D., Zink, A. R., & Panzer, S. (2017c). Paleopathology in the Piraino mummies as illustrated by X-rays. Anthropological Science, 125(1), 25–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao, N. S. (2002). Ethnography of a nomadic tribe: A study of the Yanadi. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rattan, S. I. S. (2008). Hormesis in aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 7, 63–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinhard, K., Lynch, K. B., Larsen, A., Adams, B., Higley, L., do Amaral, M. M., Russ, J., Zhou, Y., Lippi, D., Morrow, J. J., & Piombino-Mascali, D. (2018). Pollen evidence of medicine from an embalming jar associated with Vittoria della Rovere, Florence, Italy. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 21, 238–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosing, J. (1998). Fortællinger om INUA. Tidsskriftet Grønland, 5, 155–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roth, H. L. (1905). Tatu in Tunis. Man, 5, 129–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, J. (1988). Ritual life and religious reform in central Borneo. Leiden: KITLV Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko, S. I. (1929). Graficheskoye iskusstvo ostyakov i vogulov. Materialy po etnografii Rossii, 4(2), 13–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rudenko, S. I. (1949). Tatuirovka aziatskikh eskimosov. Sovetskaya etnografia, 1, 149–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rühli, F. J. (2015). Ötzi the Iceman. In M. Cardin (Ed.), Mummies around the world: An encyclopedia of mummies in history, religion, and popular culture (pp. 336–340). Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahai, G. (1904). Female tattooing amongst Ghilzais. The Indian Antiquary, 33, 147–148.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samadelli, M. (2004). The chalcolithic mummy. In search of immortality (Vol. 3). Bolzano: South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samadelli, M. (2009). Iceman photoscan. Munich: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samadelli, M., Melis, M., Miccoli, M., Egarter Vigl, E., & Zink, A. R. (2015). Complete mapping of the tattoos of the 5300-year-old Tyrolean Iceman. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 16(5), 753–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Searight, S. (1984). The use and function of tattooing on Moroccan women (Vol. 2). New Haven: Human Relations Area Files.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seligmann, C. G. (1902). The medicine, surgery, and midwifery of the Sinaugolo. Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 32, 297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smeaton, W. (1937). Tattooing among the Arabs of Iraq. American Anthropologist, 39, 53–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, G. S., & Zimmerman, M. R. (1975). Tattooing found on a 1600-year-old frozen mummified body from St. Lawrence Island, Alaska. American Antiquity, 40, 433–437.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swancutt, K. (2012). Fortune and the cursed: The sliding scale of time in Mongolian divination. London: Bergahn Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurston, E. (1904). Ethnographic notes in southern India. Madras: Government Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, A., & Ernst, E. (2004). A brief history of acupuncture. Rheumatology, 43, 662–663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yablonsky, L. T. (2017). The discovery of a Sarmatian tattoo toolkit in Russia. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 215–230). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, A. (1967). Varieties of Amhara graphic art. Expedition, 9(4), 2–11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zesch, S., Panzer, S., Rosendahl, W., Nance, J. W., Jr., Schönberg, S. O., & Henzler, T. (2016). From first to latest imaging technology: Revisiting the first mummy investigated with X-ray in 1896 by using dual-source computed tomography. European Journal of Radiology Open, 3, 172–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zidarov, P. (2017). The antiquity of tattooing in southeastern Europe. In L. Krutak & A. Deter-Wolf (Eds.), Ancient ink: The archaeology of tattooing (pp. 137–149). Seattle: University of Washington Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zink, A. R. (2015). Ice mummies. In M. Cardin (Ed.), Mummies around the world: An encyclopedia of mummies in history, religion, and popular culture (pp. 169–174). Santa Barbara: ABC-Clio.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zink, A. R., Samadelli, M., Gostner, P., & Piombino-Mascali, D. (2019). Possible evidence for care and treatment in the Tyrolean Iceman. International Journal of Paleopathology, 25, 110–117.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cognitive, Psychological, Educational and Cultural Studies, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

    Dario Piombino-Mascali

  2. Museum of International Folk Art, Santa Fe, NM, USA

    Lars Krutak

Authors
  1. Dario Piombino-Mascali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lars Krutak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dario Piombino-Mascali .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA

    Susan Guise Sheridan

  2. Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA

    Lesley A. Gregoricka

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Piombino-Mascali, D., Krutak, L. (2020). Therapeutic Tattoos and Ancient Mummies: The Case of the Iceman. In: Sheridan, S.G., Gregoricka, L.A. (eds) Purposeful Pain. Bioarchaeology and Social Theory. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32181-9_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32181-9_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32180-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32181-9

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation