Abstract
The analysis uses proton-proton collisions to initiate the \(\text {t}\bar{\text {t}}\text {H}\) process being searched for. The protons are accelerated and collided in the LHC and their collision and subsequent decay products are detected in the general purpose CMS detector, both of which are located at CERN. The CMS detector includes dedicated subsystems for measuring different particles and their properties, and combines their information in a propriety software system to obtain a full event description. Only events that may be of interest are fully reconstructed and saved for further analysis. This online event selection and recording is performed by the trigger and data acquisition systems, to both of which I made original contributions.
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Notes
- 1.
The Large Electron-Positron Collider (LEP) was a CERN \(\text {e}^+\text {e}^-\) accelerator and collider operating from 1989 to 2000. It serviced four complementary detectors: ALEPH, DELPHI, OPAL and L3.
- 2.
Occupancy refers to the proportion of sensors that are hit per bunch crossing
- 3.
The amount of material is expressed in units of radiation length \(X_0\) and interaction length \(\lambda _t\). \(X_0\) is characterised by electromagnetic interactions and is the mean distance over which an electron loses all but 1/e of its energy through bremsstrahlung. \(\lambda _t\) is characterised by nuclear interactions and is the mean distance required to reduced the number of charged particles by a factor of 1/e.
- 4.
An application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is an integrated circuit designed for a particular use.
- 5.
The Molière radius is defined as the radius of a cylinder containing 90% of the energy deposition of the electromagnetic shower.
- 6.
Prompt particles refer to those produce in the primary pp interaction and not the subsequent decays.
- 7.
Conventional photomultiplier tubes can be used in this forward region where the magnetic field is much weaker than in the central detector.
- 8.
The energy response is defined as the mean relative difference between the measured energy and the true energy.
- 9.
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit that can be configured by the end user.
- 10.
For example, a prescale of 10 means that the trigger will only assess one out of every 10 events. This allows low threshold paths, which would normally have excessively high rates, to select some events that would otherwise be lost and is mainly used for calibration, efficiency measurements and testing.
- 11.
The zero bias trigger is run with a high prescale \(\mathcal {O}(10^3-10^4)\) and reads out every event according to its prescale, regardless of whether or not the event is accepted by any object or selection based trigger.
- 12.
S-LINK, developed by CERN in 1995, is a specification for a FIFO-like data link that can be used to connect front-end to readout devices [23].
- 13.
MicroTCA (\(\mu \)TCA) is an open modular standard of computing architecture for high speed data flow between components.
- 14.
Peripheral Component Interconnect eXtended (PCI-X) is a computer bus and expansion card standard.
- 15.
A network interface controller (NIC) is a card that connects a computer to a network.
- 16.
InfiniBand is a computer-networking communication standard with very high throughput and very low latency.
- 17.
Fourteen Data Rate (FDR) InfiniBand provides a 14 Gb/s data rate per lane. Most InfiniBand ports are 4-lane ports allowing a speed of 56 Gb/s.
- 18.
A Clos network is a multistage circuit switching network that connects each input with every output with a reduced number of connections.
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Salerno, D. (2019). Experimental Setup. In: The Higgs Boson Produced With Top Quarks in Fully Hadronic Signatures. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31257-2_3
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