Skip to main content

Scaling in Concurrent Evolutionary Algorithms

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Applied Computer Sciences in Engineering (WEA 2019)

Part of the book series: Communications in Computer and Information Science ((CCIS,volume 1052))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

The concept of channel, a computational mechanism used to convey state to different threads of process execution, is at the core of the design of multi-threaded concurrent algorithms. In the case of concurrent evolutionary algorithms, channels can be used to communicate messages between several threads performing different evolution tasks related to genetic operations or mixing of populations. In this paper we study to what extent the design of these messages in a communicating sequential process context may influence scaling and performance of concurrent evolutionary algorithms. For this aim, we designed a channel-based concurrent evolutionary algorithm that is able to effectively solve different benchmark binary problems (e.g. OneMax, LeadingOnes, RoyalRoad), showing that it provides a good basis to leverage the multi-threaded and multi-core capabilities of modern computers. Although our results indicate that concurrency is advantageous to scale-up the performance of evolutionary algorithms, they also highlight how the trade–off between concurrency, communication and evolutionary parameters affect the outcome of the evolved solutions, opening-up new opportunities for algorithm design.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Andrews, G.R.: Concurrent Programming: Principles and Practice. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, San Francisco (1991)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Armstrong, J.: Concurrency Oriented Programming in Erlang (2003). http://ll2.ai.mit.edu/talks/armstrong.pdf

  3. Barwell, A.D., Brown, C., Hammond, K., Turek, W., Byrski, A.: Using program shaping and algorithmic skeletons to parallelise an evolutionary multi-agent system in Erlang. Comput. Inform. 35(4), 792–818 (2017)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. Briggs, F., O’Neill, M.: Functional genetic programming and exhaustive program search with combinator expressions. Int. J. Know.-Based Intell. Eng. Syst. 12(1), 47–68 (2008). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1375341.1375345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Castagna, G.: Covariance and controvariance: a fresh look at an old issue (a primer in advanced type systems for learning functional programmers). CoRR abs/1809.01427 (2018). http://arxiv.org/abs/1809.01427

  6. Dagum, L., Menon, R.: OpenMP: an industry-standard API for shared-memory programming. Comput. Sci. Eng. (1), 46–55 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. delaOssa, L., Gámez, J.A., Puerta, J.M.: Migration of probability models instead of individuals: an alternative when applying the Island model to EDAs. In: Yao, X., et al. (eds.) PPSN 2004. LNCS, vol. 3242, pp. 242–252. Springer, Heidelberg (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30217-9_25

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  8. García-Valdez, J.M., Merelo-Guervós, J.J.: A modern, event-based architecture for distributed evolutionary algorithms. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, GECCO. ACM, New York (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gelernter, D.: Generative communication in Linda. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. (TOPLAS) 7(1), 80–112 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gropp, W.D., Gropp, W., Lusk, E., Skjellum, A.: Using MPI: Portable Parallel Programming with the Message-Passing Interface, vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Hawkins, J., Abdallah, A.: A generic functional genetic algorithm. In: Proceedings of the ACS/IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hoare, C.A.R.: Communicating sequential processes. Commun. ACM 21(8), 666–677 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1145/359576.359585

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Huelsbergen, L.: Toward simulated evolution of machine-language iteration. In: Proceedings of the First Annual Conference on Genetic Programming, GECCO 1996, pp. 315–320. MIT Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Jiménez-Laredo, J.L., Eiben, A.E., van Steen, M., Merelo-Guervós, J.J.: EvAg: a scalable peer-to-peer evolutionary algorithm. Genet. Program. Evolvable Mach. 11(2), 227–246 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Jin, H., Jespersen, D., Mehrotra, P., Biswas, R., Huang, L., Chapman, B.: High performance computing using MPI and openmp on multi-core parallel systems. Parallel Comput. 37(9), 562–575 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kerdprasop, K., Kerdprasop, N.: Concurrent computation for genetic algorithms. In: 1st International Conference on Software Technology, pp. 79–84 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lalwani, S., Sharma, H., Satapathy, S.C., Deep, K., Bansal, J.C.: A survey on parallel particle swarm optimization algorithms. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 44(4), 2899–2923 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Laredo, J.L.J., Castillo, P.A., Mora, A.M., Merelo, J.J.: Exploring population structures for locally concurrent and massively parallel evolutionary algorithms. In: 2008 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, pp. 2605–2612, June 2008

    Google Scholar 

  19. Laredo, J.L.J., Bouvry, P., Mostaghim, S., Merelo-Guervós, J.-J.: Validating a peer-to-peer evolutionary algorithm. In: Di Chio, C., et al. (eds.) EvoApplications 2012. LNCS, vol. 7248, pp. 436–445. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29178-4_44

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  20. Li, X., Liu, K., Ma, L., Li, H.: A concurrent-hybrid evolutionary algorithms with multi-child differential evolution and Guotao algorithm based on cultural algorithm framework. In: Cai, Z., Hu, C., Kang, Z., Liu, Y. (eds.) ISICA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6382, pp. 123–133. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16493-4_13

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  21. Merelo, J.J., García-Valdez, J.-M.: Going stateless in concurrent evolutionary algorithms. In: Figueroa-García, J.C., López-Santana, E.R., Rodriguez-Molano, J.I. (eds.) WEA 2018. CCIS, vol. 915, pp. 17–29. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00350-0_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Merelo, J.J., García-Valdez, J.M.: Mapping evolutionary algorithms to a reactive, stateless architecture: using a modern concurrent language. In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, GECCO 2018, pp. 1870–1877. ACM, New York (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rojas-Galeano, S., Rodriguez, N.: A memory efficient and continuous-valued compact EDA for large scale problems. In: Proceedings of the 14th Annual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, GECCO 2018, pp. 281–288. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Schippers, H., Van Cutsem, T., Marr, S., Haupt, M., Hirschfeld, R.: Towards an actor-based concurrent machine model. In: Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on the Implementation, Compilation, Optimization of Object-Oriented Languages and Programming Systems, ICOOOLPS 2009, pp. 4–9. ACM, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sher, G.I.: Handbook of Neuroevolution Through Erlang. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4463-3

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Swan, J., et al.: A research agenda for metaheuristic standardization. In: Proceedings of the XI Metaheuristics International Conference (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tagawa, K.: Concurrent differential evolution based on generational model for multi-core CPUs. In: Bui, L.T., Ong, Y.S., Hoai, N.X., Ishibuchi, H., Suganthan, P.N. (eds.) SEAL 2012. LNCS, vol. 7673, pp. 12–21. Springer, Heidelberg (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34859-4_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. Valkov, L., Chaudhari, D., Srivastava, A., Sutton, C., Chaudhuri, S.: Synthesis of differentiable functional programs for lifelong learning. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.00218 (2018)

  29. Walsh, P.: A functional style and fitness evaluation scheme for inducting high level programs. In: Banzhaf, W., et al. (eds.) Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, vol. 2, pp. 1211–1216. Morgan Kaufmann (1999)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This paper has been supported in part by projects DeepBio (TIN2017-85727-C4-2-P), TecNM Project 5654.19-P and CONACYT-PEI 220590.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sergio Rojas-Galeano .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Merelo, J.J., Laredo, J.L.J., Castillo, P.A., García-Valdez, JM., Rojas-Galeano, S. (2019). Scaling in Concurrent Evolutionary Algorithms. In: Figueroa-García, J., Duarte-González, M., Jaramillo-Isaza, S., Orjuela-Cañon, A., Díaz-Gutierrez, Y. (eds) Applied Computer Sciences in Engineering. WEA 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1052. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31019-6_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31019-6_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31018-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31019-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics