Abstract
This chapter presents a conceptual framework and two cases illustrating the coordination or orchestration role played in their local innovation ecosystem by two distinctive science and technology parks in two place-based innovation ecosystem in Europe, Lindholmen Science Park in Gothenburg, Sweden, and Technology Park Ljubljana in the capital city of Slovenia—which are also presented individually in this publication. This chapter is extensively based on the research conducted for the Joint Research Centre (JRC) Series on Place-based Innovation Ecosystems since 2017 with various place-based innovation ecosystems mapped out in Europe and beyond.
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Notes
- 1.
While the triple helix model emphasised the role of interactions between universities, industries and governments, including new intermediary institutions such as technology transfer offices and science parks for innovation (Etzkowitz and Leydesdorff 1995; Etzkowitz 2008), the quadruple helix model adds a fourth component that emphasises the role played by civil society and non-governmental organisations in those interactions. However, sometimes this fourth helix is merely involved as representing the views of the ‘users’ of emerging technologies in an attempt to avoid or limit the risk that the latter would not meet the demands and needs of society (Carayannis and Campbell 2009).
- 2.
West Sweden region (NUT2 level) also includes the county of Halland, with additional 300,000 inhabitants.NUT2: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics (from French: Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques). European Union’s geocode standard for referencing the subdivisions of countries for statistical purposes. For each EU member country, a hierarchy of three NUTS levels is established by Eurostat; NUT2 refers to the first sub-national level (typically member countries’ regions).
- 3.
- 4.
The municipality contributed with the ground on which the current premises are located.
- 5.
€8 million were provided through the European Regional Development Fund, with additional resources from commercial loans (€33 million for phase II and €15 million for phase III).
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
SPIRIT: National Agency for the promotion of entrepreneurship, Foreign direct investments (FDIs) and technology development.
- 9.
SEF: Slovene Enterprise Fund.
- 10.
MEDT: Ministry of Economic Development and Technology.
- 11.
Interview by Gabriel Rissola and Maja Bučar was held on May 10 with deputy manager Marjana Majerič.
- 12.
Majority owner is the Municipality of Ljubljana with 70% share, IJS with 21, the remainder spread among several institutions.
- 13.
SPIRIT/ Ministry of Economic Development and Technology (MGRT) programme for the support of innovation infrastructure and SEF support for the Start:up Initiative.
- 14.
- 15.
Currently, TPL employs 17 people all together.
- 16.
PODIM is the most influential start-up and tech event in the Alps-Adriatic and Western Balkans region, based in Slovenia. It is the gateway from/to the region for efficient networking, making deals and sharing experience (https://podim.org/en-us/)
- 17.
In 2018, an initiative was given to the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology to follow the good experience of the working group on start-ups, establish a new working group on scale-ups, where the necessary regulative and legal improvements could be discussed by government representatives, intermediary institutions, researchers and most importantly, representatives of the scale-up community.
- 18.
All together there are now 11 co-working spaces registered across Slovenia, 20 so called ‘entities of innovation environment’ registered with SPIRIT (most technology parks or incubators), which are receiving partial support from the agency as well as 6 transfer of technology offices.
- 19.
TPL is listed as one of the ‘entities of innovation environment’ and is thus supported by SPIRIT.
- 20.
Since SRIPs are also coordinating their activities with the government, we could consider them as an example of triple helix. In some cases, SRIPs’ activities also engage civil society (like SRIP Health and SRIP Circular economy), thus having already entered the quadruple helix mode.
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Rissola, G. (2019). Science and Technology Parks as Drivers of Place-Based Innovation Ecosystems: Two Examples from Europe. In: Amoroso, S., Link, A., Wright, M. (eds) Science and Technology Parks and Regional Economic Development. Palgrave Advances in the Economics of Innovation and Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30963-3_10
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