Abstract
For decades, rhizobia were described as the single inhabitant of legume nodules. However, other bacteria, which are not typical rhizobia, are often found within nodules and suggested to affect the behaviour and fitness of the host plant. Here, we highlight their diversity, role in the promotion of legumes growth and in the recuperation of degraded soils. Studies have shown the capacity of Non-Nodular Endophytic Bacteria (NNEB) to stimulate plant growth by direct mechanisms including production of phytohormones such as auxins, facilitation of acquisition of plant resources/nutrients that plants lack such as fixed nitrogen, iron, phosphorous, besides, production of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC deaminase) involved in reduction of plant ethylene, etc. Among the indirect mechanisms, those associated to the enhancement of plant growth are production of siderophores, antibiotics and lytic enzymes. Finally, we described greenhouse and field experiments that successfully used NNEB to both increase the growth and yield of legumes and to recover degraded soils.
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Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the ERDF-cofinanced grants PEAGR2012-1968 from Consejería de Economía, Innovación y Ciencia (Junta de Andalucía, Spain). ACH is recipient of a grant of MECD (FPU 2014/01633). The authors thank CONCYTEC (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología) and MINEDU (Ministerio de Educación, Perú) for the financing of projects 8000-2015 and 9500-2015, in recovery of degraded soils, as well as the National University of San Martin.
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Ríos-Ruiz, W.F., Valdez-Nuñez, R.A., Bedmar, E.J., Castellano-Hinojosa, A. (2019). Utilization of Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Legume Root Nodules for Plant Growth Promotion. In: Maheshwari, D., Dheeman, S. (eds) Field Crops: Sustainable Management by PGPR. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30926-8_6
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