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The Roles of CD4+ T-Cells in Tumor Immunity

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Cancer Immunology

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Abstract

Though the principal role of the immune system is to protect the host from invading pathogens, it also plays a major role in the elimination of tumors. T cells constitute the effector arm of the adaptive anti-tumor immunity. Increasing evidence indicates that among the subsets of T cells, CD4+ T cells are required for triggering both humoral and cell-mediated immune response and significantly contribute to tumor protection. The identification and characterization of CD4+ T cell lineage subsets began with a description of T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells and was subsequently extended to different other subgroups, such as Th17, Th9, Th22, and follicular helper T cells. In addition to these cells, some other cells with suppressive function had been identified, which are generally called regulatory T cells (Tregs). Each of the abovementioned subsets of CD4+ T cells plays different roles in establishing anti-tumor immunity. However, their exact roles in various types of solid tumors and hematological malignancies are not well-defined and remained controversial in some types of cancer. Considering the significant role of Th cells in triggering anti-tumor responses, these cells have become increasingly attractive options for immunological investigation and immunotherapy approaches for the treatment of cancer. Till date, various T-cells-based therapeutic strategies have been developed with the aim to achieving better immunity and then finding efficient therapeutic options to reduce cancer-related mortality. Here, after obtaining an overview of the CD4+ T cells subsets, differentiation, and functions, their roles in several types of cancer are reviewed. Subsequently, different therapeutic approaches that rely on T-cell-based immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer, targeting Tregs and other associated regulatory responses, and some suggested cytokine-based immunotherapies are discussed in detail.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Soheil Tavakolpour

  2. Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Soheil Tavakolpour

  3. Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran

    Soheil Tavakolpour

  4. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Darvishi

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  1. Soheil Tavakolpour
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  2. Mohammad Darvishi
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Nima Rezaei

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Tavakolpour, S., Darvishi, M. (2020). The Roles of CD4+ T-Cells in Tumor Immunity. In: Rezaei, N. (eds) Cancer Immunology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30845-2_5

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