Abstract
Local governments worldwide face challenges to meet the Paris Climate Agreement 2015 and its targets amid the high CO2 emissions. Municipalities should play a major role in addressing climate actions and transform cities to more sustainable energy resources to attain SDGs. The European Union initiated a major project ‘Cleaner Energy Saving Mediterranean Cities’ (CES-MED) from 2011 to 2018, which is under the European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument (ENPI) to support South Mediterranean countries in developing Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans—SECAP. This chapter presents strategic action plans to support and strengthen the capacity of local authorities to embrace and implement sustainable development and clean energy policies in line with existing national regulatory and legislative frameworks yet to understand the energy consumption in all sectors that utilize energy in the city, map energy consumption and CO2 emissions over 1 year, develop priority planned actions and establish climate actions. This chapter also highlights the assessment that was conducted on eight sectors such as transport, residential, tertiary and government buildings, agriculture, industry, waste, wastewater and tourism in two cities (Hurghada and Luxor) in Egypt. The assessment is based on the calculation of energy use and GHG emission according to the methodology of the European Commission Joint Research Centre (EC-JRC). The planned action and climate actions comprise of seven priority actions for the city of Hurghada and five priority actions for the city of Luxor including as follows: (1) transport, urban sustainable mobility master plan; (2) tourism, sustainable green boats; (3) tourism, green and sustainable hotels and resorts; (4) sustainable approach for governorate buildings; (5) sustainable approach for residential building; (6) solar energy development; and (7) green city awareness unit. However, in this paper, the first three priority actions are presented. Results in the city of Luxor (2015) indicate that total energy consumption and the corresponding global GHG emissions are estimated to be 4937 GWh/year and 1797 ktCO2eq/year, whereas these are 3338 GWh/year and 1338 ktCO2eq/year in Hurghada.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the European Union, ENPI-South, EuropeAid/132360/C/SER/Multi, contract no.: ENPI 2012/309-311, for funding CES-MED project. Thanks is also due to Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR) for supervising this project and to CES-MED Team Leader, transitions and Energies Demain teams for developing the SECAP with me and for their hard work, support and cooperation throughout of this ongoing project. We would like to express our sincere thanks to H.E. General Ahmd Abdullah, Governor of Red Sea; General Abdelfattah Tammam, Secretary General, Governorate of Red Sea; and Dr. Mohamed Badr, Governor of Luxor, for their support and cooperation. Thanks go to Prof. Eng. Ayman Sultan, Planning Dept, Governorate of Red Sea, and Dr. Ramdan Seddik, Director of Environmental Affairs, Governorate of Luxor, for their assistance and collaboration in project and date collection process. We are thankful to Ambassador Adel Ibrahim, Deputy Assistant Minister for EU Affairs, and Counsellor Mohamed El-gammal, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA), Egypt, for their endless support and follow-up during the period from May 2016 to April 2018. Last but not least, we are grateful to Ambassador Abu Bakr Hefny Mahmoud (MoFA) and Dr. Ahmed Azzam (MoFA) for facilitating CES-MED project during the year 2015–2016.
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Aboulnaga, M., Amin, N., Rebelle, B. (2020). Climate Adaptation Action: The Role of Clean Energy and Strategic Action Plans of South Mediterranean Cities. In: Sayigh, A. (eds) Green Buildings and Renewable Energy. Innovative Renewable Energy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30841-4_2
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