Abstract
In recent decades, the role of diversity in organizations has been much discussed. This is because, in the literature, insiders consider that diversity has a positive impact on multiple aspects. For example, in the corporate field, they suggest that a wide diversity of workforce is associated with higher levels of profitability. Nevertheless, at a theoretical level, not all scholars consider that diversity always has a positive impact on organizations. Because an excessive diversity can also lead to internal conflicts and may favor decision-making processes, not all researchers agree that diversity has a positive effect. Indeed, empirical studies also show conflicting results due to many problems. One of the main issue is how to measure diversity because numerous studies have adopted different indices. To solve this drawback, recent studies have proposed the use of diversity profiles in the organizational field. This research proposes an empirical application of this methodology in the organizational context; in particular, diversity profiles are applied for analysing diversity and inclusion of minorities in a United States Federal Agency, i.e. the Department of Health and Human Services.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aguilera, A., Aguilera-Morillo, M.C., Escabias, M., Valderrama, M.: Penalized spline approaches for functional principal component logit regression. In: Contributions to Statistics, pp. 1–7. Physica-Verlag HD (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2736-1_1
Ararat, M., Aksu, M., Tansel Cetin, A.: How board diversity affects firm performance in emerging markets: evidence on channels in controlled firms. Corp. Gov. (Oxford) 23(2), 83–103 (2015). www.scopus.com
Barako, G., Brown, A.: Corporate social reporting and board representation: evidence from the Kenyan banking sector. J. Manag. Gov. 12(4), 309–324 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-008-9053-x
Barassi, G., Bellomo, R.G., Di Iulio, A., Lococo, A., Porreca, A., Di Felice, P.A., Saggini, R.: Preoperative Rehabilitation in Lung Cancer Patients: Yoga Approach, pp. 1–11. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/5584_2018_186
Barassi, G., Bellomo, R.G., Porreca, A., Di Felice, P.A., Prosperi, L., Saggini, R.: Somato-visceral effects in the treatment of dysmenorrhea: neuromuscular manual therapy and standard pharmacological treatment. J. Altern. Complement. Med. 24(3), 291–299 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1089/acm.2017.0182
Cavallo, B., D’Apuzzo, L., Squillante, M.: A multi-criteria decision making method for sustainable development of Naples port city-area. Qual. Quant. 49(4), 1647–1659 (2015)
Choi, S., Rainey, H.G.: Managing diversity in U.S. Federal Agencies: effects of diversity and diversity management on employee perceptions of organizational performance. Public Admin. Rev., 70(1), 109–121 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02115.x
Cybercareers.gov. Managerial & Executive Development (2016). https://www.cybercareers.gov/
Di Battista, T., Fortuna, F., Maturo, F.: BioFTF: an R package for biodiversity assessment with the functional data analysis approach. Ecol. Indic. 73, 726–732 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.10.032
Di Spalatro, D., Maturo, F., Sicuro, L.: Inequalities in the Provinces of Abruzzo: a comparative study through the indices of deprivation and principal component analysis. In: Mathematical-Statistical Models and Qualitative Theories for Economic and Social Sciences, pp. 219–231. Springer (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_15
European Commission: Diversity within small and medium-sized enterprises—best practices and approaches for moving ahead. Brussels (2015)
Ferraty, F.: Recent Advances in Functional Data Analysis and Related Topics. Physica-Verlag HD (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7908-2736-1
Fortuna, F., Maturo, F., Di Battista, T.: Clustering functional data streams: unsupervised classification of soccer top players based on Google trends. Qual. Reliab. Eng. Int. 1–25 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1002/QRE-17-0561
Hahn, P., Lasfer, M.: Impact of foreign directors on board meeting frequency. Int. Rev. Financ. Anal. 46, 295–308 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.11.004
Harrison, D.A., Klein, K.J.: What’s the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Acad. Manag. Rev. 32(4), 1199–1228 (2007). www.scopus.com
Hill, M.: Diversity and evenness: a unifying notation and its consequences. Ecology 54, 427–432 (1973)
Hošková-Mayerová, Š., Talhofer, V., Hofmann, A.: Decision-Making Process with Respect to the Reliability of Geo-Database, pp. 179–194. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35635-3_15. ISBN 978-3-642-35635-3
Kellough, J.E.: Integration in the public workplace: determinants of minority and female employment in federal agencies. Public Admin. Rev. 50(5), 557 (1990). https://doi.org/10.2307/976786
Koh, H.K., Graham, G., Glied, S.A.: Reducing racial and ethnic disparities: the action plan from the department of health and human services. Health Aff. 30(10), 1822–1829 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2011.0673
Longo, A., Squillante, M., Ventre, A., Ventre, V.: The intertemporal choice behaviour the role of emotions in a multi-agent decision problem. AAPP Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti, Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali 93(2), C2–C14 (2015)
Maturo, F.: Unsupervised classification of ecological communities ranked according to their biodiversity patterns via a functional principal component decomposition of Hill’s numbers integral functions. Ecol. Indic. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.013
Maturo, F., Di Battista, T.: A functional approach to Hill’s numbers for assessing changes in species variety of ecological communities over time. Ecol. Indic. 84, 70–81 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.08.016. ISSN 1470-160X
Maturo, F., Balzanella, A., Di Battista, T.: Building statistical indicators of equitable and sustainable well-being in a functional framework. Soc. Ind. Res. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-019-02137-5
Maturo, F., Migliori, S., Paolone, F.: Do Institutional or Foreign Shareholders Influence National Board Diversity? Assessing Board Diversity Through Functional Data Analysis, pp. 199–217. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54819-7_14
Maturo, F., Fortuna, F., Battista, T.D.: Testing equality of functions across multiple experimental conditions for different ability levels in the IRT context: the case of the IPRASE TLT 2016 survey. Soc. Indic. Res. (2018a). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1893-4
Maturo, F., Migliori, S., Paolone, F.: Measuring and monitoring diversity in organizations through functional instruments with an application to ethnic workforce diversity of the U.S. Federal agencies. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 24(2) (2018b). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10588-018-9267-7
Olivieri, M., Squillante, M., Ventre, V.: Information and intertemporal choices in multi-agent decision problems. Ratio Math. 31(1), 3–24 (2016). ISSN 2282-8214
OPM.gov. Diversity & inclusion (2017). https://www.opm.gov/policy-data-oversight/diversity-and-inclusion/federal-workforce-at-a-glance/
Patil, G., Taillie, C.: An overview of diversity. In: Grassle, J., Patil, G., Smith, W., Taillie, C. (eds.) Ecological Diversity in Theory and Practice, pp. 23–48. International Co-operative Publishing House, Fairland, MD (1979)
Rambaud, S.C., Pérez, A.M.S.: Valuation of barrier options with the binomial pricing model. Ratio Math. 31(1), 25–35 (2016). ISSN 2282-8214
Ramsay, J., Hooker, G., Graves, S.: Introduction to functional data analysis. In: Functional Data Analysis with R and MATLAB, pp. 1–19. Springer, New York (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98185-7_1
Ruigrok, W., Peck, S., Tacheva, S.: Nationality and gender diversity on Swiss corporate boards. Corp. Gov.: Int. Rev. 15(4), 546–557 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2007.00587.x
Shannon, C.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27, 379–423 (1948)
Shehata, N.F.: How could board diversity influence corporate disclosure? Corp. Board 9(3) (2013). https://doi.org/10.22495/cbv9i3art4
Simpson, E.: Measurement of diversity. Nature 163, 688 (1949)
Urban, R., Šarka Hošková-Mayerová, J.D.: Central Eur. J. Reg. Dev. Tour. 9(2), 93–109 (2017)
van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M.C.: Work group diversity. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58(1), 515–541 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085546
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Porreca, A. (2020). Assessing Diversity and Inclusion in the Context of the U.S. Federal Department of Health and Human Services. In: Flaut, D., Hošková-Mayerová, Š., Ispas, C., Maturo, F., Flaut, C. (eds) Decision Making in Social Sciences: Between Traditions and Innovations. Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, vol 247. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30659-5_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30659-5_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-30658-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-30659-5
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)