Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Management of Failed Hallux Valgus

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Revision Surgery of the Foot and Ankle

  • 644 Accesses

Abstract

Hallux valgus surgery has many potential complications apart from those inherent to all surgical procedures. These include recurrence, malunion, nonunion, avascular necrosis, and hallux varus. The effective management of these problems requires a careful clinical and radiographic evaluation. Although nonsurgical management is often effective, operative intervention is also not infrequently indicated. Recurrent hallux valgus is a complex problem frustrating to both the patient and surgeon. Often, a deformity may recur if the initial surgery was not sufficiently powered to correct the primary problem. Success treating this problem is predicated on selecting the appropriate procedure based upon the unique features of the deformity, which requires careful clinical and radiographic analysis for accurate characterization. The most common malunion types are dorsiflexion and shortening iatrogenic deformities. In this scenario, patients may complain of metatarsalgia due to stress transfer from the altered mechanics of the dysfunctional first ray. Effective surgical management may consist of not only correcting the first metatarsal deformity but also addressing pathology of the lesser metatarsals. Avascular necrosis is also a known complication of hallux valgus. Unfortunately, it is difficult to differentiate avascular necrosis from routine postsurgical clinical symptoms and radiographic findings prior to collapse of the articular surface. As such, surgical intervention is often not indicated until the more advanced stages. When this is the case, arthrodesis is most indicated. Hallux varus is another complication reviewed herein. Although hallux varus deformities may not be symptomatic, surgery may be indicated when symptoms cannot be effectively managed with accommodative shoewear. In cases of flexible deformities, tendon transfers and “reverse osteotomies” can be effective; however, arthrodesis may be required in rigid deformities and those with significant stiffness.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Scioli MW. Complications of hallux valgus surgery and subsequent treatment options. Foot Ankle Clin. 1997;2:719–39.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Coughlin MJ, Saltzman CL, Nunley JA. Angular measurements in the evaluation of hallux valgus deformities: a report of the ad hoc committee of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society on angular measurements. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23(1):68–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Lagaay PM, Hamilton GA, Ford LA, Williams ME, Rush SM, Schuberth JM. Rates of revision surgery using Chevron-Austin osteotomy, Lapidus arthrodesis, and closing base wedge osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus deformity. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;47(4):267–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Coughlin MJ. Hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996;78(6):932–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Aiyer A, Shub J, Shariff R, Ying L, Myerson M. Radiographic recurrence of deformity after hallux valgus surgery in patients with metatarsus Adductus. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(2):165–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Richardson EG, Graves SC, McClure JT, Boone RT. First metatarsal head-shaft angle: a method of determination. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(4):181–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Corte-Real NM, Moreira RM. Modified biplanar chevron osteotomy. Foot Ankle Int. 2009;30(12):1149–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Donley BG. Acquired hallux varus. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(9):586–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Trnka HJ, Zettl R, Hungerford M, Mühlbauer M, Ritschl P. Acquired hallux varus and clinical tolerability. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(9):593–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Lee KT, Park YU, Young KW, Kim JS, Kim KC, Kim JB. Reverse distal chevron osteotomy to treat iatrogenic hallux varus after overcorrection of the intermetatarsal 1-2 angle: technique tip. Foot Ankle Int. 2011;32(1):89–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Johnson KA, Cofield RH, Morrey BF. Chevron osteotomy for hallux valgus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1979;142:44–7.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Hawkins FB. Acquired hallux varus: cause, prevention and correction. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1971;76:169–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Skalley TC, Myerson MS. The operative treatment of acquired hallux varus. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;306:183–91.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Johnson KA, Spiegl PV. Extensor hallucis longus transfer for hallux varus deformity. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(5):681–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Fuhrmann RA. Split transfer of the extensor hallucis longus tendon in flexible hallux varus deformity. Oper Orthop Traumatol. 2008;20(3):274–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Coughlin M, Anderson R. Hallux valgus. In: Coughlin M, Saltzman C, Anderson R, editors. Mann’s surgery of the foot and ankle. 9: Elsevier; 2013. p. 300–6.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lau JT, Myerson MS. Modified split extensor hallucis longus tendon transfer for correction of hallux varus. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23(12):1138–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Leemrijse T, Hoang B, Maldague P, Docquier PL, Devos BB. A new surgical procedure for iatrogenic hallux varus: reverse transfer of the abductor hallucis tendon: a report of 7 cases. Acta Orthop Belg. 2008;74(2):227–34.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Myerson MS, Komenda GA. Results of hallux varus correction using an extensor hallucis brevis tenodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 1996;17(1):21–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Choi KJ, Lee HS, Yoon YS, Park SS, Kim JS, Jeong JJ, et al. Distal metatarsal osteotomy for hallux varus following surgery for hallux valgus. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011;93(8):1079–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kannegieter E, Kilmartin TE. The combined reverse scarf and opening wedge osteotomy of the proximal phalanx for the treatment of iatrogenic hallux varus. Foot (Edinb). 2011;21(2):88–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gerbert J, Traynor C, Blue K, Kim K. Use of the Mini TightRope® for correction of hallux varus deformity. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2011;50(2):245–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Hsu AR, Gross CE, Lin JL. Bilateral hallux varus deformity correction with a suture button construct. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2013;42(3):121–4.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rochwerger A, Curvale G, Groulier P. Application of bone graft to the medial side of the first metatarsal head in the treatment of hallux varus. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81(12):1730–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Grimes JS, Coughlin MJ. First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis as a treatment for failed hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2006;27(11):887–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Geaney LE, Myerson MS. Radiographic results after hallux metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis for hallux varus. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(4):391–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mann RA, Rudicel S, Graves SC. Repair of hallux valgus with a distal soft-tissue procedure and proximal metatarsal osteotomy. A long-term follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1992;74(1):124–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sammarco GJ, Conti SF. Proximal Chevron metatarsal osteotomy: single incision technique. Foot Ankle. 1993;14(1):44–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Easley ME, Trnka HJ. Current concepts review: hallux valgus part II: operative treatment. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(6):748–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Mitchell LA, Baxter DE. A Chevron-Akin double osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. Foot Ankle. 1991;12(1):7–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Myerson M. Metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis for treatment of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus. Orthopedics. 1990;13(9):1025–31.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Becker A. First metatarsal malunion. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009;14(1):77–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Harper MC. Dorsal closing wedge metatarsal osteotomy: a trigonometric analysis. Foot Ankle. 1990;10(6):303–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Goldberg A, Singh D. Treatment of shortening following hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Clin. 2014;19(2):309–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Shahid MS, Lee P, Evans S, Thomas R. A comparative study of bone shortening and bone loss with use of saw blades versus burr in hallux valgus surgery. Foot Ankle Surg. 2012;18(3):195–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Markbreiter LA, Thompson FM. Proximal metatarsal osteotomy in hallux valgus correction: a comparison of crescentic and chevron procedures. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(2):71–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Glazebrook M, Copithorne P, Boyd G, Daniels T, Lalonde KA, Francis P, et al. Proximal opening wedge osteotomy with wedge-plate fixation compared with proximal chevron osteotomy for the treatment of hallux valgus: a prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014;96(19):1585–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Holden D, Siff S, Butler J, Cain T. Shortening of the first metatarsal as a complication of metatarsal osteotomies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66(4):582–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Laughlin TJ. Complications of distal first metatarsal osteotomies. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1995;34(6):524–31. discussion 93-4

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Mann RA, Donatto KC. The chevron osteotomy: a clinical and radiographic analysis. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(5):255–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Kinnard P, Gordon D. A comparison between Chevron and Mitchell osteotomies for hallux valgus. Foot Ankle. 1984;4(5):241–3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Jung HG, Zaret DI, Parks BG, Schon LC. Effect of first metatarsal shortening and dorsiflexion osteotomies on forefoot plantar pressure in a cadaver model. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(9):748–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hardy RH, Clapham JC. Observations on hallux valgus; based on a controlled series. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1951;33-B(3):376–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Kim JS, Baek GH, Chung MS, Yoon PW. Multiple congenital brachymetatarsia. A one-stage combined shortening and lengthening procedure without iliac bone graft. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2004;86(7):1013–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Marcinko DE, Rappaport MJ, Gordon S. Post-traumatic brachymetatarsia. J Foot Surg. 1984;23(6):451–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Kawashima T, Yamada A, Ueda K, Harii K. Treatment of brachymetatarsia by callus distraction (callotasis). Ann Plast Surg. 1994;32(2):191–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Masuda T, Matoh N, Nakajima T, Tomi M, Ohba K. Treatment of brachymetatarsia using a semicircular lengthener. 1-3 years results in 6 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 1995;66(1):43–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Robinson JF, Ouzounian TJ. Brachymetatarsia: congenitally short third and fourth metatarsals treated by distraction lengthening--a case report and literature summary. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(10):713–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Wada A, Bensahel H, Takamura K, Fujii T, Yanagida H, Nakamura T. Metatarsal lengthening by callus distraction for brachymetatarsia. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2004;13(3):206–10.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Choi IH, Chung MS, Baek GH, Cho TJ, Chung CY. Metatarsal lengthening in congenital brachymetatarsia: one-stage lengthening versus lengthening by callotasis. J Pediatr Orthop. 1999;19(5):660–4.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Kim HT, Lee SH, Yoo CI, Kang JH, Suh JT. The management of brachymetatarsia. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2003;85(5):683–90.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Jones KJ, Feiwell LA, Freedman EL, Cracchiolo A. The effect of chevron osteotomy with lateral capsular release on the blood supply to the first metatarsal head. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1995;77(2):197–204.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Kuhn MA, Lippert FG, Phipps MJ, Williams C. Blood flow to the metatarsal head after chevron bunionectomy. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(7):526–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Malal JJ, Shaw-Dunn J, Kumar CS. Blood supply to the first metatarsal head and vessels at risk with a chevron osteotomy. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(9):2018–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Peterson DA, Zilberfarb JL, Greene MA, Colgrove RC. Avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head: incidence in distal osteotomy combined with lateral soft tissue release. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(2):59–63.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Mann RA. Complications associated with the Chevron osteotomy. Foot Ankle. 1982;3(3):125–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Resch S, Stenström A, Gustafson T. Circulatory disturbance of the first metatarsal head after Chevron osteotomy as shown by bone scintigraphy. Foot Ankle. 1992;13(3):137–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Thomas RL, Espinosa FJ, Richardson EG. Radiographic changes in the first metatarsal head after distal chevron osteotomy combined with lateral release through a plantar approach. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15(6):285–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Meier PJ, Kenzora JE. The risks and benefits of distal first metatarsal osteotomies. Foot Ankle. 1985;6(1):7–17.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Wilkinson SV, Jones RO, Sisk LE, Sunshein KF, Van Manen JW. Austin bunionectomy: postoperative MRI evaluation for avascular necrosis. J Foot Surg. 1992;31(5):469–77.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Fu FH, Gomez W. Bilateral avascular necrosis of the first metatarsal head in adolescence. A case report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;246:282–4.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Aynardi MC, Atwater L, Dein EJ, Zahoor T, Schon LC, Miller SD. Outcomes after interpositional arthroplasty of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(5):514–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Trnka HJ. Arthrodesis procedures for salvage of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint. Foot Ankle Clin. 2000;5(3):673–86. ix

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Myerson MS, Schon LC, McGuigan FX, Oznur A. Result of arthrodesis of the hallux metatarsophalangeal joint using bone graft for restoration of length. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(4):297–306.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Brodsky JW, Ptaszek AJ, Morris SG. Salvage first MTP arthrodesis utilizing ICBG: clinical evaluation and outcome. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21(4):290–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hernigou P, Poignard A, Beaujean F, Rouard H. Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for nonunions. Influence of the number and concentration of progenitor cells. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87(7):1430–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Ajis A, Seybold JD, Myerson MS. Osteochondral distal metatarsal allograft reconstruction: a case series and surgical technique. Foot Ankle Int. 2013;34(8):1158–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Stokes IA, Hutton WC, Stott JR. Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking. J Anat. 1979;129(Pt 3):579–90.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Acevedo JI, Sammarco VJ, Boucher HR, Parks BG, Schon LC, Myerson MS. Mechanical comparison of cyclic loading in five different first metatarsal shaft osteotomies. Foot Ankle Int. 2002;23(8):711–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Vora AM, Myerson MS. First metatarsal osteotomy nonunion and malunion. Foot Ankle Clin. 2005;10(1):35–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Veri JP, Pirani SP, Claridge R. Crescentic proximal metatarsal osteotomy for moderate to severe hallux valgus: a mean 12.2 year follow-up study. Foot Ankle Int. 2001;22(10):817–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Bock P, Kluger R, Kristen KH, Mittlböck M, Schuh R, Trnka HJ. The scarf osteotomy with minimally invasive lateral release for treatment of hallux Valgus deformity: intermediate and long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015;97(15):1238–45.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Coetzee JC. Scarf osteotomy for hallux valgus repair: the dark side. Foot Ankle Int. 2003;24(1):29–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Raikin SM, Brislin K. Local bone graft harvested from the distal tibia or calcaneus for surgery of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 2005;26(6):449–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. O’Malley MJ, Sayres SC, Saleem O, Levine D, Roberts M, Deland JT, et al. Morbidity and complications following percutaneous calcaneal autograft bone harvest. Foot Ankle Int. 2014;35(1):30–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Geideman W, Early JS, Brodsky J. Clinical results of harvesting autogenous cancellous graft from the ipsilateral proximal tibia for use in foot and ankle surgery. Foot Ankle Int. 2004;25(7):451–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Biddinger KR, Komenda GA, Schon LC, Myerson MS. A new modified technique for harvest of calcaneal bone grafts in surgery on the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 1998;19(5):322–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Daniels TR, Younger AS, Penner MJ, Wing KJ, Le IL, Russell IS, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of hindfoot and ankle fusions treated with rhPDGF-BB in combination with a β-TCP-collagen matrix. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(7):739–48.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Dekker TJ, White P, Adams SB. Efficacy of a cellular bone allograft for foot and ankle arthrodesis and revision nonunion procedures. Foot Ankle Int. 2017;38(3):277–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. DiGiovanni CW, Lin SS, Baumhauer JF, Daniels T, Younger A, Glazebrook M, et al. Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB and beta-tricalcium phosphate (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP): an alternative to autogenous bone graft. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(13):1184–92.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Jones CP, Loveland J, Atkinson BL, Ryaby JT, Linovitz RJ, Nunley JA. Prospective, multicenter evaluation of allogeneic bone matrix containing viable osteogenic cells in foot and/or ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int. 2015;36(10):1129–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. DiGiovanni CW, Lin SS, Daniels TR, Glazebrook M, Evangelista P, Donahue R, et al. The importance of sufficient graft material in achieving foot or ankle fusion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2016;98(15):1260–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Streit A, Watson BC, Granata JD, Philbin TM, Lin HN, O’Connor JP, et al. Effect on clinical outcome and growth factor synthesis with adjunctive use of pulsed electromagnetic fields for fifth metatarsal nonunion fracture: a double-blind randomized study. Foot Ankle Int. 2016;37(9):919–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopedic Associates of Lancaster, Lancaster, PA, USA

    Thomas I. Sherman

  2. Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Department of Orthopaedics, Su Zhou, China

    Qin Jianzhong

  3. Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mashhad, Iran

    Alireza Mousavian

  4. Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangkok, Thailand

    Jakrapong Orapin

  5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lew C. Schon

  6. Georgetown School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA

    Lew C. Schon

  7. Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lew C. Schon

  8. Fischell Literati Faculty, University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, MD, USA

    Lew C. Schon

Authors
  1. Thomas I. Sherman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qin Jianzhong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alireza Mousavian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jakrapong Orapin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Lew C. Schon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA

    Mark J. Berkowitz

  2. Florida Orthopaedic Institute, Temple Terrace, FL, USA

    Michael P. Clare

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont, Royal Oak, MI, USA

    Paul T. Fortin

  4. Medstar Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Lew C. Schon

  5. Florida Orthopedic Institute, Temple Terrace, FL, USA

    Roy W. Sanders

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sherman, T.I., Jianzhong, Q., Mousavian, A., Orapin, J., Schon, L.C. (2020). Management of Failed Hallux Valgus. In: Berkowitz, M., Clare, M., Fortin, P., Schon, L., Sanders, R. (eds) Revision Surgery of the Foot and Ankle. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29969-9_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29969-9_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29968-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29969-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation