User Experience Is Brand Experience pp 55-70 | Cite as
Human Needs and Values as Guideline for Brands and Their Products
- 1.4k Downloads
Abstract
The quality of identification is essential for choosing a certain product or a brand. Users want to represent and communicate themselves, which is reflected by special affective experiences. Humans continuously compare the detected experience with the desired value and needs they want to satisfy. This comparison either leads to acceptance or aversion. So, to reach a certain target group, brands create and define values that they want to represent. These have to fit to their users’ personal goals, motives, and values. To better understand where the often-used terms user needs and brand values come from and why they are so important for marketers and designers, they are explained in this chapter along with the underlying established theories and interrelationships. This includes human motivation theory from Maslow, self-determination theory from Ryan and Deci, as well as theoretical knowledge on the universal psychological structure of human values from Schwartz. A look at theory from psychology and social sciences is essential to be able to understand the necessity of established processes, methods, and techniques in marketing and UX design.
References
- Bevan, N. (1999). Quality in use: Meeting user needs for quality. Journal of Systems and Software, 49(1), 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Cockton, G. (2004). Value-centered HCI. In Proceedings of the third Nordic conference on human-computer interaction (pp. 149–160). ACM.Google Scholar
- Cockton, G. (2006). Designing worth is worth designing. In Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on human-computer interaction: Changing Roles (pp. 165–174). ACM.Google Scholar
- De Chernatony, L. (2010). Creating powerful brands. London: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Desmet, P. M., & Hekkert, P. (2002). The basis of product emotions. In W. Green & P. Jordan (Eds.), Pleasure with products, beyond usability (pp. 60–68). London: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
- Diefenbach, S., & Hassenzahl, M. (2017). Psychologie in der nutzerzentrierten Produktgestaltung: Mensch-Technik-Interaktion-Erlebnis. Berlin: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Distler, V., Lallemand, C., & Bellet, T. (2018). Acceptability and acceptance of autonomous mobility on demand: The impact of an immersive experience. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (p. 612). ACM.Google Scholar
- Eckoldt, K., Hassenzahl, M., Laschke, M., & Knobel, M. (2013). Alternatives: Exploring the car’s design space from an experience-oriented perspective. In Proceedings of the 6th international conference on designing pleasurable products and interfaces (pp. 156–164). ACM.Google Scholar
- Epstein, S. (1991). Cognitive-experiential self-theory: An integrative theory of personality. In R. C. Curtis (Ed.), The relational self: Theoretical convergences in psychoanalysis and social psychology (pp. 111–137). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
- Forlizzi, J., & Battarbee, K. (2004). Understanding experience in interactive systems. In Proceedings of the 2004 conference on designing interactive systems processes, practices, methods, and techniques – DIS’04 (p. 261). Cambridge, MA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/1013115.1013152.
- Friedman, B., Kahn, P. H., Borning, A., & Huldtgren, A. (2013). Value sensitive design and information systems. In N. Doorn, D. Schuurbiers, I. van de Poel, & M. E. Gorman (Eds.), Early engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory (pp. 55–95). Dordrecht: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Friedman, B., & Kahn, P. H., Jr. (2007). Human values, ethics, and design. In The human-computer interaction handbook (pp. 1223–1248). CRC.Google Scholar
- Frison, A.-K., Wintersberger, P., Liu, T., & Riener, A. (2019). Why do you like to drive automated? In Proceedings of the 24th international conference on intelligent user interfaces – IUI’19 (Vol. Part F1476, pp. 528–537). New York: ACM Press.Google Scholar
- Frison, A.-K., Wintersberger, P., Riener, A., & Schartmüller, C. (2017). Driving hotzenplotz: A hybrid interface for vehicle control aiming to maximize pleasure in highway driving. In AutomotiveUI’ 17 Adjunct, September 24–27, 2017 (p. 6). Germany: Oldenburg.Google Scholar
- Gutman, J. (1982). A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes. The Journal of Marketing, 46(2), 60–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hassenzahl, M., Diefenbach, S., & Göritz, A. (2010). Needs, affect, and interactive products–facets of user experience. Interacting with Computers, 22(5), 353–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hassenzahl, M., Wiklund-Engblom, A., Bengs, A., Hägglund, S., & Diefenbach, S. (2015). Experience-oriented and product-oriented evaluation: Psychological need fulfillment, positive affect, and product perception. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 31(8), 530–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Hassenzahl, M. (2005). The thing and I: Understanding the relationship between user and product. In M. A. Blythe, K. Overbeeke, A. F. Monk, & P. C. Wright (Eds.), Funology: From usability to enjoyment (pp. 31–42). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.Google Scholar
- Hildebrandt, L. (1983). Konfirmatorische analysen von modellen des Konsumentenverhaltens. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot.Google Scholar
- International Organization for Standardization. (2010). Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Part 210: Human-centred design for interactive systems (Standard). Geneva.Google Scholar
- Johnston, C. S. (1995). The Rokeach value survey: Underlying structure and multidimensional scaling. The Journal of Psychology, 129(5), 583–597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (2003). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.Google Scholar
- Klapperich, H., & Hassenzahl, M. (2016). Hotzenplotz: Reconciling automation with experience. In Proceedings of the 9th Nordic conference on human-computer interaction (p. 39). ACM.Google Scholar
- Kluckhohn, C. (1962). Values and value orientation in the theory of action. In T. Parsons & E. Shills (Eds.), Toward a general theory of action (pp. 391–436). Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
- Kroeber-Riel, W., & Gröppel-Klein, A. (2013). Konsumentenverhalten (10th ed.). München: Verlag Franz Vahlen.Google Scholar
- Kroeber-Riel, W., & Weinberg, P. (1999). Konsumentenverhalten (7nd ed.). München: Verlag Franz Vahlen.Google Scholar
- Kujala, S., Kauppinen, M., & Rekola, S. (2001). Bridging the gap between user needs and user requirements. In Advances in human-computer interaction I (Proceedings of the Panhellenic Conference with International Participation in Human-Computer Interaction PC-HCI 2001) (pp. 45–50). Typorama Publications.Google Scholar
- Lallemand, C., Koenig, V., & Gronier, G. (2014). How relevant is an expert evaluation of user experience based on a psychological needs-driven approach? In Proceedings of the 8th Nordic conference on human-computer interaction: Fun, fast, foundational (pp. 11–20). ACM.Google Scholar
- Law, E. L.-C., Roto, V., Hassenzahl, M., Vermeeren, A.P., & Kort, J. (2009). Understanding, scoping and defining user experience: a survey approach. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 719–728). ACM.Google Scholar
- Liu, Y. (2014). Motivation and attitude: Two important non-intelligence factors to arouse students’ potentialities in learning English. Creative Education, 05(14), 1249–1253. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2014.514140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Major, B., Cozzarelli, C., Horowitz, M. J., Colyer, P. J., Fuchs, L. S., Shapiro, E. S., et al. (2000). Encyclopedia of psychology: 8 volume set. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
- Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Maslow, A. H., Frager, R., Fadiman, J., McReynolds, C., & Cox, R. (1970). Motivation and personality (Vol. 2). New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
- McCarthy, J., & Wright, P. (2004). Technology as experience. Interactions, 11(5), 42. https://doi.org/10.1145/1015530.1015549.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Meschtscherjakov, A., Wilfinger, D., & Tscheligi, M. (2014). Mobile attachment causes and consequences for emotional bonding with mobile phones. In Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems (pp. 2317–2326). ACM.Google Scholar
- Partala, T. (2011). Psychological needs and virtual worlds: Case second life. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 69(12), 787–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Reynolds, T. J., & Gutman, J. (1988). Laddering theory, method, analysis, and interpretation. Journal of Advertising Research, 28(1), 11–31.Google Scholar
- Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. New York, NY: Free Press.Google Scholar
- Rounds, J. B., & Armstrong, P. I. (2005). Assessment of needs and values. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 305–329). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.Google Scholar
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schwartz, S. H. (1994). Are there universal aspects in the structure and contents of human values? Journal of Social Issues, 50(4), 19–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schwartz, S. H. (2005). Robustness and fruitfulness of a theory of universals in individual values. In A. Tamayo & J. Porto (Eds.), Valores e Trabalho (pp. 56–85). Brasilia: Editora Universidade de Brasilia.Google Scholar
- Schwartz, S. H. (2012). An overview of the Schwartz theory of basic values. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Schwartz, S. H., & Boehnke, K. (2004). Evaluating the structure of human values with confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 38(3), 230–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00069-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Kim, Y., & Kasser, T. (2001). What is satisfying about satisfying events? Testing 10 candidate psychological needs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80(2), 325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Solomon, M. R. (2016). Konsumentenverhalten (11th ed.). Hallbergmoos: Pearson.Google Scholar
- Zentes, J., & Swoboda, B. (2001). Grundbegriffe des marketing: marktorientiertes globales management-wissen (5th ed.). Stuttgart: Schäffer-Poeschel Verlag.Google Scholar