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The Andean Foreland Evolution of the Neuquén Basin: A Discussion

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Opening and Closure of the Neuquén Basin in the Southern Andes

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Abstract

The Neuquén Basin of west-central Argentina preserves a complex structural and stratigraphic record of the Andean orogeny marked by intermittent periods of foreland sediment accumulation, bypass, and regional exhumation and erosion. Nonmarine deposits of the Cenomanian–Campanian Neuquén Group are the earliest of foreland basin affinity, with clear input from western sediment sources and relatively rapid subsidence rates. However, available provenance and structural data fail to demonstrate a Late Cretaceous regional fold-thrust belt capable of creating rapid accommodation and voluminous sediment supply, suggesting that the magmatic arc may have played an important role as a flexural load and sediment source. The Upper Cretaceous basin architecture defined by the Neuquén Group seems to mimic that of underlying Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous units, indicating either a continued thermal contribution to basin subsidence and/or flexure concentrated along previously thinned lithosphere. Fine-grained marine and nonmarine facies of the overlying Campanian–Eocene Malargüe Group were deposited under slowing rates of subsidence and unclear tectonic conditions. These deposits are capped by a condensed section or unconformity of late Eocene to earliest Miocene age. This foreland hiatus is contemporaneous with the development of extensional basins in the orogen interior, possibly resulting from slab rollback and decoupling along the subduction plate margin, with sediment bypass and minor erosion in the foreland basin aided by a global sea-level lowstand. At ca. 20 Ma, proximal areas adjacent to the advancing fold-thrust belt started accumulating coarse clastic fluvial and alluvial fan deposits in an unambiguous flexural foreland basin. However, Neogene deposition farther east remained irregular, with only relatively thin accumulations in localized zones. In the distal foreland, erosional exhumation rather than sediment accumulation was the dominant process since late Eocene to Oligocene time.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the editors of this volume, Andrés Folguera and Diego Kietzmann, for the invitation to present this work. We gratefully acknowledge informative discussions with Ignacio Brisson, Victor Ramos, Guillermo Fratti, Andrés Boll, and Daniel Starck. We thank Lucas Fennell for a careful review that helped improve this contribution.

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Appendix

Appendix

Appendix 1. U-Pb geochronologic results

Grain #

[U]

U/Th

207Pb*

±

206Pb*

±

error

206Pb*

±

207Pb*

±

206Pb*

±

Best age

±

 

(ppm)

 

235U*

(%)

238U

(%)

corr.

238U*

(Ma)

235U

(Ma)

207Pb*

(Ma)

(Ma)

(Ma)

        

Age (Ma)

 

Age (Ma)

 

Age (Ma)

   

COI12: Coihueco Formation; n=118 (35.13761°S, 69.60687°W)

COI12_13

152

6.8

0.03481

2.4

0.00591

1.1

0.45

38.0

0.4

34.7

0.8

NA

NA

38.0

0.4

COI12_87

509

2.0

0.03976

1.9

0.00595

1.2

0.64

38.2

0.5

39.6

0.7

122.1

34.2

38.2

0.5

COI12_42

55

7.0

0.03748

2.9

0.00625

1.1

0.38

40.2

0.4

37.4

1.1

NA

NA

40.2

0.4

COI12_101

136

5.4

0.03761

2.1

0.00632

1.2

0.58

40.6

0.5

37.5

0.8

NA

NA

40.6

0.5

COI12_55

172

4.1

0.04030

1.9

0.00634

1.1

0.57

40.7

0.4

40.1

0.7

2.4

36.7

40.7

0.4

COI12_66

71

6.2

0.03272

13.6

0.00635

1.1

0.08

40.8

0.4

32.7

4.4

NA

NA

40.8

0.4

COI12_41

1339

2.0

0.04193

1.4

0.00636

1.2

0.81

40.9

0.5

41.7

0.6

90.8

19.7

40.9

0.5

COI12_94

302

6.8

0.04182

2.0

0.00637

1.4

0.71

40.9

0.6

41.6

0.8

81.1

33.6

40.9

0.6

COI12_56

40

8.7

0.03176

13.0

0.00638

1.7

0.13

41.0

0.7

31.8

4.1

NA

NA

41.0

0.7

COI12_78

140

7.7

0.03911

3.2

0.00638

0.9

0.28

41.0

0.4

39.0

1.2

NA

NA

41.0

0.4

COI12_75

391

4.4

0.04047

2.4

0.00639

1.9

0.81

41.0

0.8

40.3

0.9

NA

NA

41.0

0.8

COI12_73

474

5.8

0.04050

1.8

0.00639

1.3

0.72

41.1

0.5

40.3

0.7

NA

NA

41.1

0.5

COI12_95

238

3.2

0.04042

2.1

0.00640

1.3

0.62

41.2

0.5

40.2

0.8

NA

NA

41.2

0.5

COI12_118

429

4.8

0.04238

1.2

0.00641

0.9

0.72

41.2

0.4

42.1

0.5

98.1

19.8

41.2

0.4

COI12_103

679

6.1

0.04190

1.4

0.00641

1.1

0.75

41.2

0.4

41.7

0.6

71.2

22.8

41.2

0.4

COI12_23

177

4.5

0.04182

2.1

0.00641

1.3

0.60

41.2

0.5

41.6

0.9

65.0

40.5

41.2

0.5

COI12_96

211

4.8

0.04077

3.4

0.00642

1.3

0.39

41.2

0.5

40.6

1.4

2.5

76.1

41.2

0.5

COI12_2

90

6.9

0.03581

2.6

0.00642

1.1

0.43

41.2

0.5

35.7

0.9

NA

NA

41.2

0.5

COI12_105

86

5.2

0.04222

2.5

0.00642

1.0

0.38

41.3

0.4

42.0

1.0

84.3

55.6

41.3

0.4

COI12_64

353

4.0

0.04202

1.9

0.00642

1.3

0.69

41.3

0.5

41.8

0.8

72.5

32.4

41.3

0.5

COI12_68

219

5.8

0.03917

1.9

0.00642

1.1

0.58

41.3

0.4

39.0

0.7

NA

NA

41.3

0.4

COI12_47

366

5.8

0.04182

1.7

0.00643

1.0

0.61

41.3

0.4

41.6

0.7

59.6

32.3

41.3

0.4

COI12_34

218

4.9

0.04205

2.1

0.00643

1.3

0.65

41.3

0.6

41.8

0.8

70.5

37.3

41.3

0.6

COI12_83

388

4.3

0.04429

2.1

0.00643

1.4

0.65

41.3

0.6

44.0

0.9

192.4

36.8

41.3

0.6

COI12_62

329

4.7

0.03860

2.0

0.00643

1.1

0.57

41.3

0.5

38.5

0.7

NA

NA

41.3

0.5

COI12_48

264

5.6

0.03982

1.7

0.00644

1.2

0.70

41.4

0.5

39.6

0.7

NA

NA

41.4

0.5

COI12_100

73

6.7

0.03550

5.5

0.00644

1.2

0.22

41.4

0.5

35.4

1.9

NA

NA

41.4

0.5

COI12_31

97

6.8

0.04102

2.4

0.00644

1.2

0.50

41.4

0.5

40.8

1.0

8.2

49.7

41.4

0.5

COI12_90

121

4.1

0.04148

2.1

0.00644

1.1

0.55

41.4

0.5

41.3

0.9

33.2

42.2

41.4

0.5

COI12_14

212

4.3

0.04140

2.1

0.00645

1.3

0.61

41.4

0.5

41.2

0.8

26.5

39.3

41.4

0.5

COI12_65

105

5.0

0.03891

3.9

0.00645

1.0

0.26

41.5

0.4

38.8

1.5

NA

NA

41.5

0.4

COI12_59

176

4.7

0.04347

2.4

0.00645

1.4

0.58

41.5

0.6

43.2

1.0

140.9

45.0

41.5

0.6

COI12_21

239

6.4

0.04331

2.2

0.00646

1.2

0.57

41.5

0.5

43.1

0.9

131.1

41.9

41.5

0.5

COI12_43

912

1.8

0.04227

1.5

0.00646

1.2

0.81

41.5

0.5

42.0

0.6

72.9

21.2

41.5

0.5

COI12_27

104

6.4

0.04241

7.0

0.00646

1.3

0.18

41.5

0.5

42.2

2.9

80.3

162.8

41.5

0.5

COI12_39

55

7.2

0.04361

3.3

0.00647

1.2

0.36

41.6

0.5

43.3

1.4

142.0

72.7

41.6

0.5

COI12_17

160

5.5

0.04058

2.2

0.00647

1.0

0.44

41.6

0.4

40.4

0.9

NA

NA

41.6

0.4

COI12_106

75

6.7

0.04458

3.2

0.00648

1.3

0.40

41.6

0.5

44.3

1.4

191.8

69.0

41.6

0.5

COI12_115

186

4.5

0.04257

2.0

0.00648

1.1

0.53

41.6

0.4

42.3

0.8

82.9

40.7

41.6

0.4

COI12_74

179

9.3

0.04387

2.1

0.00648

1.3

0.63

41.6

0.5

43.6

0.9

152.7

38.0

41.6

0.5

COI12_50

1033

2.8

0.04310

1.5

0.00648

1.0

0.67

41.7

0.4

42.8

0.6

109.6

25.6

41.7

0.4

COI12_52

313

4.4

0.04890

2.9

0.00649

1.2

0.43

41.7

0.5

48.5

1.4

399.2

59.1

41.7

0.5

COI12_110

58

6.4

0.04276

2.9

0.00649

1.2

0.40

41.7

0.5

42.5

1.2

88.3

63.3

41.7

0.5

COI12_92

240

8.9

0.04057

2.3

0.00649

1.2

0.54

41.7

0.5

40.4

0.9

NA

NA

41.7

0.5

COI12_60

158

4.9

0.03820

2.4

0.00649

1.4

0.59

41.7

0.6

38.1

0.9

NA

NA

41.7

0.6

COI12_112

48

7.0

0.04018

3.8

0.00649

1.6

0.42

41.7

0.7

40.0

1.5

NA

NA

41.7

0.7

COI12_82

60

6.9

0.05089

6.8

0.00649

2.0

0.29

41.7

0.8

50.4

3.3

485.3

142.9

41.7

0.8

COI12_70

214

6.0

0.04574

2.9

0.00650

1.3

0.45

41.7

0.6

45.4

1.3

244.1

59.7

41.7

0.6

COI12_104

556

3.8

0.04154

1.7

0.00650

1.2

0.74

41.8

0.5

41.3

0.7

17.0

27.0

41.8

0.5

COI12_19

285

5.9

0.04198

2.1

0.00650

1.4

0.70

41.8

0.6

41.8

0.8

39.9

35.7

41.8

0.6

COI12_114

56

7.4

0.03944

3.5

0.00650

1.7

0.47

41.8

0.7

39.3

1.4

NA

NA

41.8

0.7

COI12_16

123

4.9

0.03780

3.1

0.00651

1.3

0.44

41.8

0.6

37.7

1.1

NA

NA

41.8

0.6

COI12_117

49

7.2

0.02785

8.3

0.00651

1.3

0.16

41.8

0.6

27.9

2.3

NA

NA

41.8

0.6

COI12_85

112

6.3

0.04193

2.6

0.00652

1.1

0.41

41.9

0.4

41.7

1.1

31.5

56.7

41.9

0.4

COI12_99

384

2.8

0.04288

1.7

0.00652

1.2

0.74

41.9

0.5

42.6

0.7

84.4

27.0

41.9

0.5

COI12_91

527

3.9

0.04228

1.6

0.00652

1.1

0.66

41.9

0.4

42.0

0.7

49.3

29.2

41.9

0.4

COI12_84

299

6.7

0.04779

2.5

0.00652

1.7

0.70

41.9

0.7

47.4

1.1

334.3

40.4

41.9

0.7

COI12_4

177

2.9

0.04333

2.3

0.00653

1.3

0.56

41.9

0.5

43.1

1.0

106.3

44.7

41.9

0.5

COI12_12

813

4.1

0.04268

1.7

0.00653

1.2

0.75

42.0

0.5

42.4

0.7

70.3

25.9

42.0

0.5

COI12_89

313

4.2

0.04976

3.7

0.00653

1.0

0.26

42.0

0.4

49.3

1.8

423.0

80.0

42.0

0.4

COI12_40

92

5.9

0.03651

1.9

0.00654

1.0

0.50

42.0

0.4

36.4

0.7

NA

NA

42.0

0.4

COI12_109

830

2.9

0.05119

2.3

0.00654

1.3

0.58

42.0

0.6

50.7

1.1

483.4

41.7

42.0

0.6

COI12_5

22

12.5

0.03047

22.5

0.00654

1.9

0.09

42.0

0.8

30.5

6.8

NA

NA

42.0

0.8

COI12_107

238

5.5

0.04333

2.2

0.00654

1.3

0.60

42.0

0.6

43.1

0.9

102.0

42.4

42.0

0.6

COI12_81

1110

4.1

0.04255

1.6

0.00654

1.2

0.75

42.0

0.5

42.3

0.7

57.9

25.4

42.0

0.5

COI12_15

674

3.9

0.04350

1.6

0.00655

1.1

0.71

42.1

0.5

43.2

0.7

108.1

26.4

42.1

0.5

COI12_6

48

8.5

0.02633

3.9

0.00655

1.5

0.37

42.1

0.6

26.4

1.0

NA

NA

42.1

0.6

COI12_7

74

6.0

0.03944

3.2

0.00657

1.2

0.37

42.2

0.5

39.3

1.3

NA

NA

42.2

0.5

COI12_51

1026

5.2

0.04290

1.6

0.00657

1.3

0.82

42.2

0.6

42.7

0.7

66.0

22.3

42.2

0.6

COI12_58

139

4.9

0.04369

2.5

0.00658

1.2

0.47

42.3

0.5

43.4

1.1

108.2

52.8

42.3

0.5

COI12_24

81

6.0

0.03707

3.5

0.00658

1.3

0.38

42.3

0.6

37.0

1.3

NA

NA

42.3

0.6

COI12_79

147

7.5

0.04823

4.2

0.00658

1.3

0.31

42.3

0.6

47.8

1.9

334.5

89.7

42.3

0.6

COI12_28

120

6.8

0.04335

2.4

0.00658

1.1

0.46

42.3

0.5

43.1

1.0

87.2

51.4

42.3

0.5

COI12_45

181

5.9

0.04257

1.8

0.00659

0.9

0.49

42.3

0.4

42.3

0.7

42.7

37.8

42.3

0.4

COI12_113

88

4.2

0.04108

3.0

0.00659

1.1

0.38

42.4

0.5

40.9

1.2

NA

NA

42.4

0.5

COI12_71

502

4.2

0.04524

1.9

0.00660

1.2

0.65

42.4

0.5

44.9

0.8

183.2

33.7

42.4

0.5

COI12_97

418

4.3

0.04537

2.0

0.00660

1.0

0.52

42.4

0.4

45.1

0.9

189.4

38.9

42.4

0.4

COI12_11

349

8.2

0.04351

1.8

0.00660

1.1

0.64

42.4

0.5

43.2

0.7

89.3

32.2

42.4

0.5

COI12_116

67

4.3

0.04614

3.2

0.00660

1.1

0.33

42.4

0.4

45.8

1.4

225.8

70.1

42.4

0.4

COI12_33

223

5.8

0.04542

2.0

0.00661

1.3

0.66

42.4

0.6

45.1

0.9

188.9

35.4

42.4

0.6

COI12_36

84

6.5

0.05342

5.0

0.00661

1.2

0.24

42.5

0.5

52.8

2.6

553.2

107.1

42.5

0.5

COI12_102

224

6.3

0.04186

2.8

0.00662

1.2

0.42

42.5

0.5

41.6

1.1

NA

NA

42.5

0.5

COI12_26

380

3.6

0.04334

2.0

0.00662

1.2

0.60

42.5

0.5

43.1

0.8

73.2

37.8

42.5

0.5

COI12_119

570

4.1

0.04392

1.5

0.00663

0.9

0.61

42.6

0.4

43.6

0.6

101.1

28.4

42.6

0.4

COI12_25

232

4.5

0.04382

1.9

0.00663

1.2

0.62

42.6

0.5

43.5

0.8

95.3

35.7

42.6

0.5

COI12_18

376

4.2

0.04225

1.8

0.00663

1.5

0.79

42.6

0.6

42.0

0.8

7.9

26.8

42.6

0.6

COI12_49

24

8.0

0.05745

7.0

0.00665

1.5

0.21

42.7

0.6

56.7

3.9

696.9

146.0

42.7

0.6

COI12_54

1000

3.3

0.04374

1.4

0.00666

1.0

0.71

42.8

0.4

43.5

0.6

81.8

24.0

42.8

0.4

COI12_111

261

3.3

0.04463

1.9

0.00666

1.2

0.64

42.8

0.5

44.3

0.8

127.0

34.9

42.8

0.5

COI12_67

173

4.4

0.04292

3.3

0.00667

1.4

0.42

42.8

0.6

42.7

1.4

33.0

71.8

42.8

0.6

COI12_10

98

5.3

0.03882

3.2

0.00667

1.2

0.37

42.9

0.5

38.7

1.2

NA

NA

42.9

0.5

COI12_22

521

4.5

0.04269

1.6

0.00669

1.3

0.80

43.0

0.6

42.4

0.7

10.9

23.5

43.0

0.6

COI12_44

229

5.4

0.04529

2.8

0.00670

1.2

0.42

43.0

0.5

45.0

1.2

149.9

59.8

43.0

0.5

COI12_29

110

9.1

0.03444

8.7

0.00671

1.2

0.13

43.1

0.5

34.4

2.9

NA

NA

43.1

0.5

COI12_20

114

4.6

0.04126

5.3

0.00671

1.2

0.23

43.1

0.5

41.0

2.1

NA

NA

43.1

0.5

COI12_32

399

6.4

0.04342

1.7

0.00672

1.3

0.79

43.2

0.6

43.2

0.7

41.6

25.3

43.2

0.6

COI12_76

105

7.4

0.05638

4.0

0.00673

1.4

0.35

43.3

0.6

55.7

2.2

630.0

80.7

43.3

0.6

COI12_30

267

5.6

0.04194

2.1

0.00680

1.3

0.62

43.7

0.6

41.7

0.9

NA

NA

43.7

0.6

COI12_61

274

5.0

0.07352

7.6

0.00680

1.3

0.17

43.7

0.6

72.0

5.3

1157.0

149.0

43.7

0.6

COI12_63

106

7.9

0.03988

3.5

0.00680

1.0

0.28

43.7

0.4

39.7

1.3

NA

NA

43.7

0.4

COI12_9

29

10.8

0.05980

9.8

0.00682

1.8

0.19

43.8

0.8

59.0

5.6

729.4

203.5

43.8

0.8

COI12_77

682

4.6

0.07505

7.2

0.00683

1.2

0.17

43.9

0.5

73.5

5.1

1187.9

140.6

43.9

0.5

COI12_37

209

6.1

0.04647

1.6

0.00684

1.1

0.69

43.9

0.5

46.1

0.7

162.6

26.8

43.9

0.5

COI12_86

251

6.2

0.04524

2.7

0.00684

1.7

0.62

43.9

0.7

44.9

1.2

99.3

50.6

43.9

0.7

COI12_3

84

4.2

0.05408

5.2

0.00684

1.8

0.35

44.0

0.8

53.5

2.7

504.3

108.2

44.0

0.8

COI12_72

57

6.6

0.04027

3.1

0.00689

1.2

0.38

44.2

0.5

40.1

1.2

NA

NA

44.2

0.5

COI12_1

138

6.1

0.04521

2.1

0.00689

1.0

0.46

44.2

0.4

44.9

0.9

80.2

44.2

44.2

0.4

COI12_8

150

3.2

0.04504

2.3

0.00694

0.8

0.36

44.6

0.4

44.7

1.0

53.1

51.1

44.6

0.4

COI12_93

78

6.0

0.04272

3.7

0.00712

1.4

0.37

45.8

0.6

42.5

1.5

NA

NA

45.8

0.6

COI12_35

107

3.5

0.05843

7.1

0.00721

2.1

0.30

46.3

1.0

57.7

4.0

560.2

147.0

46.3

1.0

COI12_57

117

7.5

0.05805

6.3

0.00721

1.2

0.18

46.3

0.5

57.3

3.5

544.1

134.5

46.3

0.5

COI12_108

106

6.5

0.10718

13.3

0.00755

2.8

0.21

48.5

1.3

103.4

13.0

1678.8

240.5

48.5

1.3

COI12_38

201

5.3

0.05057

2.4

0.00760

1.2

0.49

48.8

0.6

50.1

1.2

111.2

50.0

48.8

0.6

COI12_53

199

5.6

0.22982

1.8

0.00831

1.3

0.72

53.4

0.7

210.1

3.4

2830.3

20.4

53.4

0.7

COI12_0

219

5.5

0.16667

1.4

0.02354

1.0

0.68

150.0

1.4

156.5

2.0

256.2

23.8

150.0

1.4

COI12_69

177

4.1

0.16300

1.6

0.02429

1.1

0.64

154.7

1.6

153.3

2.3

131.6

29.8

154.7

1.6

COI12_98

87

3.9

0.18554

1.9

0.02794

1.2

0.67

177.6

2.2

172.8

2.9

107.5

32.5

177.6

2.2

COI12_88

154

7.4

0.44061

1.4

0.05908

1.0

0.71

370.0

3.5

370.7

4.2

374.8

21.6

370.0

3.5

COI13: Coihueco Formation; n=111 (35.13755°S, 69.60700°W)

COI13_70

266

1.9

0.04487

2.2

0.00613

1.3

0.59

39.4

0.5

44.6

1.0

331.7

40.4

39.4

0.5

COI13_81

77

3.8

0.03690

3.9

0.00622

1.3

0.32

40.0

0.5

36.8

1.4

NA

NA

40.0

0.5

COI13_12

82

3.0

0.03728

3.4

0.00623

1.2

0.35

40.1

0.5

37.2

1.3

NA

NA

40.1

0.5

COI13_108

308

1.7

0.03962

2.0

0.00624

1.4

0.70

40.1

0.6

39.5

0.8

1.2

34.0

40.1

0.6

COI13_44

405

2.0

0.04531

2.2

0.00624

1.2

0.53

40.1

0.5

45.0

1.0

313.5

42.9

40.1

0.5

COI13_10

87

2.7

0.03910

2.4

0.00627

1.2

0.50

40.3

0.5

38.9

0.9

NA

NA

40.3

0.5

COI13_72

207

1.7

0.03765

2.2

0.00627

1.6

0.71

40.3

0.6

37.5

0.8

NA

NA

40.3

0.6

COI13_39

589

1.4

0.04028

1.4

0.00631

0.9

0.64

40.5

0.4

40.1

0.6

13.9

26.4

40.5

0.4

COI13_117

134

2.6

0.03622

2.3

0.00631

1.1

0.50

40.6

0.5

36.1

0.8

NA

NA

40.6

0.5

COI13_4

113

2.7

0.03863

4.6

0.00631

1.1

0.24

40.6

0.5

38.5

1.8

NA

NA

40.6

0.5

COI13_105

169

2.2

0.03958

2.6

0.00632

1.5

0.59

40.6

0.6

39.4

1.0

NA

NA

40.6

0.6

COI13_88

122

2.4

0.04073

3.4

0.00632

1.0

0.30

40.6

0.4

40.5

1.4

36.5

78.0

40.6

0.4

COI13_28

232

2.0

0.04034

2.5

0.00633

1.4

0.57

40.7

0.6

40.2

1.0

10.5

49.3

40.7

0.6

COI13_99

473

1.1

0.04135

1.7

0.00633

1.2

0.74

40.7

0.5

41.1

0.7

66.5

26.4

40.7

0.5

COI13_73

116

2.3

0.04020

3.3

0.00634

1.1

0.33

40.7

0.4

40.0

1.3

NA

NA

40.7

0.4

COI13_110

104

2.8

0.04255

2.9

0.00634

1.0

0.36

40.8

0.4

42.3

1.2

131.1

63.1

40.8

0.4

COI13_98

272

1.4

0.04112

2.1

0.00634

1.2

0.58

40.8

0.5

40.9

0.8

49.7

40.8

40.8

0.5

COI13_29

566

0.9

0.04209

1.8

0.00635

1.0

0.59

40.8

0.4

41.9

0.7

101.7

33.6

40.8

0.4

COI13_53

427

1.4

0.04576

2.3

0.00635

1.4

0.62

40.8

0.6

45.4

1.0

295.7

40.6

40.8

0.6

COI13_67

164

2.0

0.04094

2.3

0.00635

0.9

0.41

40.8

0.4

40.7

0.9

35.4

50.4

40.8

0.4

COI13_34

95

2.7

0.04019

2.9

0.00635

1.1

0.37

40.8

0.4

40.0

1.1

NA

NA

40.8

0.4

COI13_5

125

2.3

0.03740

2.5

0.00636

1.2

0.48

40.9

0.5

37.3

0.9

NA

NA

40.9

0.5

COI13_113

191

1.6

0.03836

2.4

0.00636

1.4

0.57

40.9

0.6

38.2

0.9

NA

NA

40.9

0.6

COI13_7

875

2.2

0.04153

1.5

0.00637

1.0

0.68

40.9

0.4

41.3

0.6

63.3

25.5

40.9

0.4

COI13_97

112

2.8

0.04067

2.7

0.00638

1.4

0.53

41.0

0.6

40.5

1.1

10.3

54.6

41.0

0.6

COI13_104

49

2.7

0.04808

4.4

0.00638

1.6

0.36

41.0

0.7

47.7

2.1

397.8

92.7

41.0

0.7

COI13_57

1089

1.3

0.04411

2.0

0.00639

1.3

0.67

41.1

0.5

43.8

0.8

197.7

33.6

41.1

0.5

COI13_87

63

3.7

0.03317

4.2

0.00639

1.5

0.35

41.1

0.6

33.1

1.4

NA

NA

41.1

0.6

COI13_9

140

2.6

0.04144

2.0

0.00640

1.0

0.49

41.2

0.4

41.2

0.8

45.6

41.3

41.2

0.4

COI13_92

136

1.9

0.04079

2.5

0.00641

1.4

0.55

41.2

0.6

40.6

1.0

6.4

49.2

41.2

0.6

COI13_78

644

1.4

0.04115

1.7

0.00641

1.3

0.76

41.2

0.5

40.9

0.7

27.4

26.0

41.2

0.5

COI13_51

122

2.4

0.04001

2.9

0.00641

1.4

0.50

41.2

0.6

39.8

1.1

NA

NA

41.2

0.6

COI13_69

90

2.2

0.03880

3.2

0.00641

1.2

0.39

41.2

0.5

38.7

1.2

NA

NA

41.2

0.5

COI13_26

236

1.5

0.04044

2.2

0.00641

1.3

0.62

41.2

0.6

40.3

0.9

NA

NA

41.2

0.6

COI13_6

130

2.2

0.03900

2.6

0.00641

1.2

0.44

41.2

0.5

38.8

1.0

NA

NA

41.2

0.5

COI13_82

181

2.3

0.04309

2.1

0.00641

1.4

0.67

41.2

0.6

42.8

0.9

134.5

37.0

41.2

0.6

COI13_23

166

1.9

0.03830

4.4

0.00642

1.4

0.31

41.2

0.6

38.2

1.6

NA

NA

41.2

0.6

COI13_15

269

2.8

0.04364

1.8

0.00642

1.2

0.66

41.2

0.5

43.4

0.8

163.0

31.6

41.2

0.5

COI13_30

249

2.9

0.04204

1.9

0.00643

1.4

0.71

41.3

0.6

41.8

0.8

71.2

32.2

41.3

0.6

COI13_25

364

1.8

0.04152

2.0

0.00644

1.3

0.68

41.4

0.6

41.3

0.8

36.0

34.4

41.4

0.6

COI13_89

188

2.0

0.04243

2.5

0.00644

1.3

0.51

41.4

0.5

42.2

1.0

86.9

51.8

41.4

0.5

COI13_3

57

2.7

0.04347

3.5

0.00645

1.0

0.30

41.4

0.4

43.2

1.5

142.5

78.0

41.4

0.4

COI13_71

105

2.8

0.04116

2.3

0.00645

1.1

0.47

41.4

0.4

41.0

0.9

12.6

48.0

41.4

0.4

COI13_90

474

1.6

0.04089

1.6

0.00645

1.0

0.65

41.5

0.4

40.7

0.6

NA

NA

41.5

0.4

COI13_84

369

1.2

0.04038

2.3

0.00645

1.3

0.58

41.5

0.5

40.2

0.9

NA

NA

41.5

0.5

COI13_2

428

2.8

0.04229

1.6

0.00646

1.0

0.60

41.5

0.4

42.1

0.7

73.6

30.8

41.5

0.4

COI13_85

307

3.0

0.04223

2.1

0.00646

1.4

0.65

41.5

0.6

42.0

0.9

68.2

37.5

41.5

0.6

COI13_14

109

2.5

0.04055

3.8

0.00647

0.9

0.23

41.6

0.4

40.4

1.5

NA

NA

41.6

0.4

COI13_102

91

2.9

0.03877

5.2

0.00648

1.6

0.30

41.6

0.6

38.6

2.0

NA

NA

41.6

0.6

COI13_91

199

2.0

0.04111

2.3

0.00648

1.4

0.59

41.6

0.6

40.9

0.9

NA

NA

41.6

0.6

COI13_17

434

2.5

0.04147

1.6

0.00649

1.1

0.66

41.7

0.5

41.3

0.7

15.7

29.6

41.7

0.5

COI13_16

100

2.2

0.04091

4.1

0.00649

1.1

0.27

41.7

0.5

40.7

1.6

NA

NA

41.7

0.5

COI13_66

84

2.1

0.04048

3.6

0.00650

1.4

0.38

41.8

0.6

40.3

1.4

NA

NA

41.8

0.6

COI13_59

382

1.9

0.04253

1.8

0.00650

1.2

0.67

41.8

0.5

42.3

0.8

70.6

32.2

41.8

0.5

COI13_13

173

2.5

0.04091

2.7

0.00651

1.4

0.54

41.8

0.6

40.7

1.1

NA

NA

41.8

0.6

COI13_27

52

2.5

0.03829

4.2

0.00651

1.4

0.34

41.8

0.6

38.1

1.6

NA

NA

41.8

0.6

COI13_116

159

3.5

0.06127

5.2

0.00651

1.4

0.27

41.8

0.6

60.4

3.1

875.5

104.3

41.8

0.6

COI13_119

177

1.6

0.04317

2.1

0.00652

1.2

0.55

41.9

0.5

42.9

0.9

100.2

41.6

41.9

0.5

COI13_46

111

2.7

0.04006

2.5

0.00652

1.3

0.54

41.9

0.6

39.9

1.0

NA

NA

41.9

0.6

COI13_115

1078

3.9

0.05779

3.7

0.00653

1.2

0.32

41.9

0.5

57.0

2.1

748.7

74.8

41.9

0.5

COI13_40

52

3.7

0.04204

3.4

0.00653

1.3

0.37

42.0

0.5

41.8

1.4

32.7

76.6

42.0

0.5

COI13_42

107

2.0

0.04140

2.6

0.00653

1.2

0.47

42.0

0.5

41.2

1.0

NA

NA

42.0

0.5

COI13_111

356

2.9

0.04341

1.7

0.00654

1.1

0.63

42.0

0.5

43.2

0.7

106.9

31.8

42.0

0.5

COI13_56

69

2.4

0.04051

3.1

0.00654

1.3

0.40

42.0

0.5

40.3

1.2

NA

NA

42.0

0.5

COI13_95

71

1.9

0.03742

4.4

0.00654

1.2

0.28

42.0

0.5

37.3

1.6

NA

NA

42.0

0.5

COI13_101

593

1.4

0.04294

1.8

0.00654

1.4

0.78

42.1

0.6

42.7

0.8

78.7

27.3

42.1

0.6

COI13_107

195

1.4

0.04272

1.8

0.00656

1.2

0.67

42.1

0.5

42.5

0.8

61.5

32.5

42.1

0.5

COI13_93

61

1.8

0.06560

2.5

0.00656

1.1

0.44

42.1

0.5

64.5

1.5

1001.4

44.9

42.1

0.5

COI13_19

1065

1.3

0.04166

1.4

0.00656

1.2

0.85

42.2

0.5

41.4

0.6

NA

NA

42.2

0.5

COI13_8

1221

2.4

0.04729

1.7

0.00656

1.1

0.64

42.2

0.5

46.9

0.8

296.5

30.5

42.2

0.5

COI13_50

170

2.5

0.04283

2.6

0.00657

1.2

0.47

42.2

0.5

42.6

1.1

64.9

54.3

42.2

0.5

COI13_48

406

1.6

0.04314

1.4

0.00657

0.9

0.64

42.2

0.4

42.9

0.6

80.5

24.8

42.2

0.4

COI13_74

140

2.2

0.04181

2.3

0.00657

0.9

0.38

42.2

0.4

41.6

0.9

5.9

51.4

42.2

0.4

COI13_64

79

2.7

0.04084

2.8

0.00657

0.9

0.32

42.2

0.4

40.6

1.1

NA

NA

42.2

0.4

COI13_106

239

2.8

0.04261

2.4

0.00658

1.6

0.66

42.3

0.7

42.4

1.0

48.1

42.4

42.3

0.7

COI13_0

313

1.6

0.04257

2.3

0.00658

1.6

0.69

42.3

0.7

42.3

0.9

44.4

39.4

42.3

0.7

COI13_112

114

2.1

0.04203

2.6

0.00661

1.3

0.50

42.5

0.5

41.8

1.1

4.2

53.4

42.5

0.5

COI13_61

74

2.7

0.04582

2.7

0.00661

1.3

0.46

42.5

0.5

45.5

1.2

206.8

56.1

42.5

0.5

COI13_33

502

1.0

0.04331

1.9

0.00662

1.0

0.52

42.5

0.4

43.1

0.8

72.2

38.7

42.5

0.4

COI13_24

123

2.4

0.04196

2.6

0.00662

0.8

0.31

42.5

0.3

41.7

1.0

NA

NA

42.5

0.3

COI13_118

175

1.3

0.04177

2.3

0.00663

1.7

0.71

42.6

0.7

41.6

1.0

NA

NA

42.6

0.7

COI13_62

297

2.0

0.04368

1.6

0.00664

1.1

0.70

42.6

0.5

43.4

0.7

86.5

27.0

42.6

0.5

COI13_103

248

1.5

0.06610

4.6

0.00665

1.2

0.27

42.7

0.5

65.0

2.9

989.7

90.6

42.7

0.5

COI13_58

122

2.4

0.04236

2.1

0.00665

1.1

0.51

42.8

0.5

42.1

0.9

6.7

44.5

42.8

0.5

COI13_109

163

1.5

0.04185

2.7

0.00666

1.4

0.54

42.8

0.6

41.6

1.1

NA

NA

42.8

0.6

COI13_21

138

1.8

0.04523

2.7

0.00666

1.3

0.48

42.8

0.6

44.9

1.2

160.4

55.1

42.8

0.6

COI13_38

115

2.4

0.04418

3.8

0.00667

1.1

0.29

42.9

0.5

43.9

1.6

100.1

85.5

42.9

0.5

COI13_83

36

3.9

0.04264

5.0

0.00669

1.6

0.32

43.0

0.7

42.4

2.1

9.5

113.8

43.0

0.7

COI13_43

180

1.7

0.04348

2.8

0.00670

1.6

0.57

43.0

0.7

43.2

1.2

54.0

55.2

43.0

0.7

COI13_41

77

2.4

0.04427

2.8

0.00672

1.2

0.43

43.2

0.5

44.0

1.2

88.7

59.4

43.2

0.5

COI13_55

155

2.2

0.04275

3.0

0.00672

1.7

0.55

43.2

0.7

42.5

1.3

4.3

60.4

43.2

0.7

COI13_47

108

2.7

0.04492

1.8

0.00675

0.8

0.44

43.3

0.3

44.6

0.8

113.9

37.4

43.3

0.3

COI13_77

412

1.5

0.04369

2.0

0.00677

1.5

0.75

43.5

0.6

43.4

0.8

37.7

31.5

43.5

0.6

COI13_96

292

2.0

0.04454

1.8

0.00678

1.2

0.70

43.6

0.5

44.2

0.8

81.1

30.2

43.6

0.5

COI13_45

191

2.2

0.04173

3.2

0.00679

1.7

0.52

43.6

0.7

41.5

1.3

NA

NA

43.6

0.7

COI13_22

71

2.7

0.04136

3.5

0.00681

1.3

0.38

43.7

0.6

41.1

1.4

NA

NA

43.7

0.6

COI13_20

92

2.1

0.03461

3.0

0.00682

1.3

0.44

43.8

0.6

34.5

1.0

NA

NA

43.8

0.6

COI13_80

171

2.2

0.05689

3.7

0.00688

1.3

0.36

44.2

0.6

56.2

2.0

602.3

74.5

44.2

0.6

COI13_75

78

2.5

0.04473

3.4

0.00710

1.0

0.30

45.6

0.5

44.4

1.5

NA

NA

45.6

0.5

COI13_60

184

1.2

0.05022

1.9

0.00841

1.1

0.59

54.0

0.6

49.8

0.9

NA

NA

54.0

0.6

COI13_1

110

2.8

0.06237

2.4

0.00971

1.1

0.46

62.3

0.7

61.4

1.4

28.7

50.6

62.3

0.7

COI13_36

93

2.1

0.07343

2.6

0.01165

1.2

0.46

74.7

0.9

72.0

1.8

NA

NA

74.7

0.9

COI13_18

417

2.9

0.15812

1.6

0.02341

1.4

0.86

149.2

2.1

149.1

2.3

147.1

19.3

149.2

2.1

COI13_35

243

1.4

0.18758

2.3

0.02434

1.4

0.60

155.0

2.1

174.6

3.7

448.2

41.4

155.0

2.1

COI13_100

352

2.2

0.17191

1.3

0.02533

0.9

0.72

161.3

1.5

161.1

1.9

158.2

21.2

161.3

1.5

COI13_37

70

1.8

0.18269

1.6

0.02668

1.0

0.66

169.8

1.8

170.4

2.5

178.7

27.4

169.8

1.8

COI13_31

252

6.5

0.18765

1.5

0.02744

1.3

0.86

174.5

2.3

174.6

2.4

175.7

18.1

174.5

2.3

COI13_114

651

2.7

0.32867

1.4

0.04556

1.2

0.86

287.2

3.3

288.5

3.4

299.2

16.0

287.2

3.3

COI13_11

134

2.5

0.73395

1.2

0.08985

0.8

0.69

554.6

4.3

558.9

5.1

576.2

18.4

554.6

4.3

COI13_76

308

2.6

0.84416

1.4

0.10004

1.1

0.81

614.6

6.5

621.4

6.4

646.3

17.5

614.6

6.5

COI13_94

85

2.0

3.64141

1.7

0.26794

1.3

0.75

1530.3

17.8

1558.6

13.8

1597.2

21.2

1597.2

21.2

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Fuentes, F., Horton, B.K. (2020). The Andean Foreland Evolution of the Neuquén Basin: A Discussion. In: Kietzmann, D., Folguera, A. (eds) Opening and Closure of the Neuquén Basin in the Southern Andes. Springer Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29680-3_14

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