Skip to main content

JGXYZ: An ATP System for Gap and Glut Logics

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Automated Deduction – CADE 27 (CADE 2019)

Abstract

This paper describes an ATP system, named JGXYZ, for some gap and glut logics. JGXYZ is based on an equi-provable translation to FOL, followed by use of an existing ATP system for FOL. A key feature of JGXYZ is that the translation to FOL is data-driven, in the sense that it requires only the addition of a new logic’s truth tables for the unary and binary connectives in order to produce an ATP system for the logic. Experimental results from JGXYZ illustrate the differences between the logics and translated problems, both technically and in terms of a quasi-real-world use case.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Actually, Łukasiewicz called it (the Polish equivalent for) Indeterminate, but to keep things consistent with other works, we use Neither.

  2. 2.

    Named after the authors Jeff and Geoff, for any logic XYZ.

  3. 3.

    Computer geeks ... think of the characters as UNIX processes, which can be alive, not alive, or zombies. Burial corresponds to reaping the process from the process table. FDE can thus be used to reason about UNIX processes. (Thanks to Josef Urban for this interpretation.)

  4. 4.

    The classical interpretation of equality is due to the classical interpretation of terms. Since a term is interpreted as an element of the domain, if two terms are interpreted as the same element then their equality is True, and if they are interpreted as different elements then their equality is False. There is no middle ground (Both or Neither). [7, 14].

  5. 5.

    This can be used to empirically check that the translation does produce equi-provable problems. For more fun, it is possible to repeatedly apply the translation to a FOL problem to produce a new FOL problem, to produce a sequence of ever more difficult FOL problems.

  6. 6.

    Thanks to Giles Reger for providing a special version of Vampire that normalises the formulae into comparable forms.

References

  1. Avron, A.: Natural 3-valued logics: characterization and proof theory. J. Symb. Log. 56(1), 276–294 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Baaz, M., Fermüller, C.G., Salzer, G., Zach, R.: MUltlog 1.0: towards an expert system for many-valued logics. In: McRobbie, M.A., Slaney, J.K. (eds.) CADE 1996. LNCS, vol. 1104, pp. 226–230. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61511-3_84

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Beckert, B., Hähnle, R., Oel, P., Sulzmann, M.: The tableau-based theorem prover version 4.0. In: McRobbie, M.A., Slaney, J.K. (eds.) CADE 1996. LNCS, vol. 1104, pp. 303–307. Springer, Heidelberg (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61511-3_95

  4. Belnap, N.D.: A Useful Four-Valued Logic. In: Dunn, J.M., Epstein, G. (eds.) Modern Uses of Multiple-Valued Logic. EPIS, vol. 2, pp. 5–37. Springer, Dordrecht (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1161-7_2

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Belnap, N.: A useful four-valued logic: how a computer should think. In: Anderson, A., Belnap, N., Dunn, J. (eds.) Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity, vol. 2, pp. 506–541. Princeton University Press (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Dunn, J.: Intuitive semantics for first degree entailment and coupled trees. Philos. Stud. 29, 149–168 (1976)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Evans, G.: Can there be vague objects? Analysis 38, 208 (1978)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hähnle, R.: Advanced Many-Valued Logics. In: Gabbay, D.M., Guenthner, F. (eds.) Handbook of Philosophical Logic. HALO, vol. 2, pp. 297–395. Springer, Dordrecht (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0452-6_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Hazen, A., Pelletier, F.: K3, Ł3, LP, RM3, A3, FDE, M: How to Make Many-Valued Logics Work for You. In: Omori, H., Wansing, H. (eds.) New Essays on Belnap-Dunn Logic. Springer, Berlin (1980). To appear. Synthese Library

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kovács, L., Voronkov, A.: First-order theorem proving and Vampire. In: Sharygina, N., Veith, H. (eds.) CAV 2013. LNCS, vol. 8044, pp. 1–35. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39799-8_1

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Levine, E., Parks, L.: Undead TV. Duke University Press, Durham (2007)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  12. Łukasiewicz, J.: On three-valued logic. Ruch Filozoficny 5, 170–171 (1920)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Omori, H., Wansing, H.: 40 years of FDE: an introductory overview. Stud. Log. 105(6), 1021–1049 (2017)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Pelletier, F.: Another argument against vague identity. J. Philos. 86, 481–492 (1989)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Pelletier, F., Sutcliffe, G., Hazen, A.: Automated reasoning for the dialetheic logic RM3. In: Rus, V., Markov, Z. (eds.) Proceedings of the 30th International FLAIRS Conference, pp. 110–115 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Priest, G.: The logic of paradox. J. Philos. Log. 8, 219–241 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Priest, G., Routley, R., Norman, J.: Paraconsistent Logic: Essays on the Inconsistent. Philosophia Verlag (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Shapiro, S., Kouri Kissel, T.: Classical logic. In: Zalta, E. (ed.) The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University (2018). https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2018/entries/logic-classical/

  19. Sobociński, B.: Axiomatization of a partial system of three-valued calculus of propositions’. J. Comput. Syst. 1, 23–55 (1952)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Sutcliffe, G., Pelletier, F., Hazen, A.: Making Belnap’s “useful four-valued logic” useful. In: Brawner, K., Rus, V. (eds.) Proceedings of the 31st International FLAIRS Conference, pp. 116–121 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wikipedia contributors: logic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2018). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Logic&oldid=875884116

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Geoff Sutcliffe .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sutcliffe, G., Pelletier, F.J. (2019). JGXYZ: An ATP System for Gap and Glut Logics. In: Fontaine, P. (eds) Automated Deduction – CADE 27. CADE 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11716. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29436-6_31

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29436-6_31

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29435-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29436-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics