Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fertility Preservation Options for Transgender and Trans Masculine Patients Planning Hysterectomy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Gender Confirmation Surgery

  • 970 Accesses

Abstract

Family building is a universal life goal for many individuals whether it be genetic (biological) or non-genetic (adoption, fostering, blended families, egg or sperm donation).

Many transgender and gender-diverse people share this desire to raise children. Some transgender persons become parents prior to transition and this is associated with a positive effect on quality of life. Studies demonstrate that children are not adversely impacted by having transgender or gender-diverse parents.

These children are not any more likely to be transgender themselves nor does having a transgender parent affect a child’s gender identity, sexual orientation or other pediatric developmental milestones.

Since transgender and gender-diverse persons face unique challenges in achieving parenthood, it is imperative that surgeons provide them with clear, evidence-based, counseling regarding fertility preservation options prior to gender-confirming surgery.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Parenting intentions among transgender individuals. 17 Feb. 2017. http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/lgbt.2016.0153. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  2. IJ TRANSGENDER – The Desire to have Children and the ....” https://www.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtvo06no03_02.htm. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  3. Reproductive wish in transsexual men. – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22128292. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  4. Transgender parenting – Williams Institute – UCLA.edu. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/transgender-parenting-oct-2014.pdf. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  5. The ethics of helping transgender men and women have ... – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20173295. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  6. Access to fertility services by transgender persons: an Ethics ... – ASRM. http://www.asrm.org/globalassets/asrm/asrm-content/news-and-publications/ethics-committee-opinions/access_to_care_for_transgender_persons.pdf. Accessed 12 Jul 2017.

  7. Standards of Care (SOC) – WPATH. http://www.wpath.org/site_page.cfm?pk_association_webpage_menu=1351&pk_association_webpage=3926. Accessed 11 Jul 2017.

  8. Endocrine treatment of transsexual persons: an endocrine society .... https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/94/9/3132/2596324/Endocrine-Treatment-of-Transsexual-Persons-An. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  9. Health care for transgender individuals – ACOG.” https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Health-Care-for-Underserved-Women/Health-Care-for-Transgender-Individuals. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  10. WHO | Eliminating forced, coercive and otherwise involuntary .... http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/gender_rights/eliminating-forced-sterilization/en/. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  11. World Report 2016: Rights in Transition | Human Rights Watch. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2016/rights-in-transition.

  12. European court strikes down required sterilization – The New York .... 12 Apr 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/12/world/europe/european-court-strikes-down-required-sterilization-for- transgender-people.html. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  13. Sweden to offer compensation for transgender sterilizations – Reuters. 27 Mar 2017., http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sweden-transgender-sterilisation-idUSKBN16Y1XA. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  14. Cancer and fertility preservation: international recommendations from .... 4 Jan 2016., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4700580/. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

  15. Fertility preservation for patients with cancer: American Society of .... http://ascopubs.org/doi/full/10.1200/jco.2013.49.2678. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

  16. Proceedings of the working group session on fertility preservation for .... 1 Jun 2016., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5243122/. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

  17. Fertility preservation in the transgender patient: expanding oncofertility .... 25 Sep 2014., http://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/1078579/Fertility-preservation-in-the-transgender-patient-expanding-oncofertility-care-beyond-cancer.html. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  18. Low fertility preservation utilization among transgender youth. – NCBI. 1 Feb 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28161526. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

  19. Fertility preservation for transgender adolescents. – NCBI. 28 Mar 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363716. Accessed 7 Jul 2017.

  20. Transgender children: conundrums and controversies--A ... – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26173324. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  21. Testosterone treatment and MMPI-2 improvement in transgender men. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264628357_Testosterone_Treatment_and_MMPI-2_Improvement_in_Transgender_Men_A_Prospective_Controlled_Study. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  22. Hormone therapy for transgender patients – NCBI – NIH. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5182227/. Accessed 16 Jul. 2017.

  23. Transgender men who experienced pregnancy after female-to-ma .... http://journals.lww.com/greenjournal/Citation/2014/12000/Transgender_Men_Who_Experienced_Pregnancy_After.9.aspx. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  24. The report of the – National center for transgender equality. http://www.transequality.org/sites/default/files/docs/USTS-Full-Report-FINAL.PDF. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  25. National LGBT Cancer Network Ovarian Cancer in Transgender Men. http://cancer-network.org/cancer-information/transgendergender-nonconforming-people-and-cancer/ovarian-cancer-in-transgender-men/. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  26. Prophylactic oophorectomy: preventing cancer by surgically removing .... 14 Apr 2014, http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/in-depth/breast-cancer/art-20047337. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  27. Gonadal dysgenesis and gynecologic cancer. – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20664451. Accessed 15 Jul. 2017.

  28. What are the risk factors for testicular cancer. 12 Feb 2016., https://www.cancer.org/cancer/testicular-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  29. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation in female-to-male transgender people .... 21 Mar 2017, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28372892. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  30. A long-term follow-up study of mortality in transsexuals receiving .... 1 Apr. 2011, http://www.eje-online.org/content/164/4/635.full. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  31. Estrogen, hormonal replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3123884/. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  32. National LGBT Cancer Network Ovarian Cancer in Transgender Men. http://cancer-network.org/cancer-information/transgendergender-nonconforming-people-and-cancer/ovari an-cancer-in-transgender-men/. Accessed 17 Jul 2017.

  33. Evidence Points to Fallopian-tube Origins of Ovarian Cancer – Medscape. 21 Apr 2015., http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/843469. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  34. SGO Clinical Practice Statement: salpingectomy for ovarian cancer .... https://www.sgo.org/clinical-practice/guidelines/sgo-clinical-practice-statement-salpingectomy-for-ovarian- cancer-prevention/. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  35. Salpingectomy for ovarian cancer prevention – ACOG. https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Gynecologic-Practice/Salpingectomy-for-Ovarian-Cancer-Prevention. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  36. Salpingo-oophorectomy at the Time of Benign Hysterectomy: A ... – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27500347. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  37. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and female-to-male .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166864. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  38. The role of AMH in anovulation associated with PCOS: a hypothesis. 25 Apr 2014., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24770999. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  39. Antimüllerian hormone levels decrease in female ... – Fertility and Sterility. https://www.fertstert.org/article/S0015-0282(15)00125-9/fulltext. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  40. Excessive androgen exposure in female-to-male ... – Oxford Academic. 27 Nov 2012., https://academic.oup.com/humrep/article/28/2/453/596664/Excessive-androgen-exposure-in-female-to-male. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  41. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – ACOG. https://www.acog.org/Patients/FAQs/Polycystic-Ovary-Syndrome-PCOS. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  42. Long-term mortality associated with oophorectomy compared with .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23635669. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  43. Testosterone increases bone mineral density in female-to-male .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3098904/. Accessed 17 Jul 2017.

  44. Live birth after autograft of ovarian tissue cryopreserved during ... – NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26062556. Accessed 15 Jul 2017.

  45. Fertility options in transgender people. – NCBI. 19 Nov 2015., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26835612. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  46. Reconstitution in vitro of the entire cycle of the mouse female germ line. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27750280. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  47. Choosing the route of hysterectomy for benign disease – ACOG. https://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Gynecologic-Practice/Choosing-the-Route-of-Hysterectomy-for-Benign-Disease. Accessed 17 Jul 2017.

  48. Medical Necessity Statement – WPATH. http://www.wpath.org/site_page.cfm?pk_association_webpage_menu=1352&pk_association_webpage=3947. Accessed 17 Jul 2017.

  49. Role of hysterectomy in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain. – NCBI.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Oophorectomy: the debate between ovarian conservation and elective .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3514564/. Accessed 12 Jul 2017.

  51. Effect of long-term testosterone administration on the endometrium of .... 29 Jun 2009., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570144. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  52. Histology of genital tract and breast tissue after long-term testosterone .... 24 Dec 2009., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20122869. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  53. Effects of long-term high dose testosterone administration on vaginal .... 4 Apr 2013., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23552580. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  54. Committee Opinion, Number 701, June 2017, Choosing the ... – ACOG. 7 Jun 2017, https://www.acog.org/-/media/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Gynecologic-Practice/co701.pdf?dmc=1&ts=20170607T2329397687. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  55. Feasibility of vaginal hysterectomy for female-to-male transgender .... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178042. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  56. Robot-assisted laparoscopic colpectomy in female-to ... – NCBI – NIH. 14 Nov 2016., https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/articles/27844235/. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

  57. Informed consent: an ethical obligation or legal compulsion?. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840885/. Accessed 16 Jul 2017.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sutter Health, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Katherine T. Hsiao

Authors
  1. Katherine T. Hsiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery, The Center for Gender Confirmation Surgery Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA

    Loren S. Schechter

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Hsiao, K.T. (2020). Fertility Preservation Options for Transgender and Trans Masculine Patients Planning Hysterectomy. In: Schechter, L. (eds) Gender Confirmation Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29093-1_13

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29093-1_13

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29092-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29093-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation