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Futuristic Methods for Treatment of HIV in the Nervous System

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Global Virology III: Virology in the 21st Century

Abstract

While many pathogens can seed the central nervous system (CNS) and cause severe morbidity and mortality, HIV presents a unique challenge. HIV is known to cross into the CNS early on in infection, and long-term infection leads to neurocognitive impairment. Antiretrovirals (ARVs) have decreased the complications related to HIV, and extended the lifespan for those living with the virus; however, they haven’t lowered the overall prevalence of neurocognitive disorders. One theory is due to compartmentalization of the virus in the CNS, leading to low level viremia and inflammation. ARVs have variable penetrance into the brain, which may explain the compartmentalization. Many new techniques are being used to tackle this problem such as nanotechnology. Nanotechnology offers a means of modifying existing ARVs and increasing their CNS penetration as well as sustaining CNS concentrations by conjugating them with liposomes, or ligands that can bind to receptors on the surface of the blood-brain barrier. Further, techniques such as machine learning can help in understanding the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders by using computer algorithms to sort through hundreds of variables and determine pathological HIV genes or proteins that can be used to develop medications in the future. While these applications are still in the early-stages, they offer hope in tackling a longstanding problem.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Neuro-AIDS Division at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, including David Simpson MD and Susan Morgello MD for their support in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neuro-AIDS Division, Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, USA

    Allison Navis & Jessica Robinson-Papp

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  1. Allison Navis
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  2. Jessica Robinson-Papp
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Allison Navis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Paul Shapshak

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India

    Seetharaman Balaji

  3. Biomedical Informatics 17, Irulan Sandy Annex, Pondicherry, Pondicherry, India

    Pandjassarame Kangueane

  4. Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, UCLA School of Dentistry Oral Biology and Medicine, CHS 63-090, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Francesco Chiappelli

  5. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Charurut Somboonwit

  6. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Lynette J. Menezes

  7. Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    John T. Sinnott

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Navis, A., Robinson-Papp, J. (2019). Futuristic Methods for Treatment of HIV in the Nervous System. In: Shapshak, P., et al. Global Virology III: Virology in the 21st Century. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29022-1_18

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