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Defining Reality

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Psychological Perspectives on Reality, Consciousness and Paranormal Experience

Abstract

The 5W1H road’s next exit, the right-hand fork, starts with and acceptance of Tom’s phenomenological experience (the what), but quickly terminates in a dead-end where the what, how and why are deeply interconnected, and there is no necessary requirement for a responsible who, other than it being the witness themselves.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For convenience I will use “second-path” (and any other path) anthropomorphically, as though it were an individual rather than a theoretical perspective.

  2. 2.

    Drinkwater, et al. (2013, 2017).

  3. 3.

    Irwin (2007, pp. 8–9).

  4. 4.

    Lampis (2004, p. 43).

  5. 5.

    Brabant (2016) and Frank (1957).

  6. 6.

    Barušs (2010).

  7. 7.

    Morganti (2015).

  8. 8.

    Borutta (2009).

  9. 9.

    Neppe and Close (2015).

  10. 10.

    Campbell (1921, p. 399).

  11. 11.

    Borutta (2009, pp. 192–193).

  12. 12.

    Schäfer (2006).

  13. 13.

    Darby (2010).

  14. 14.

    Schäfer (2006).

  15. 15.

    Ibid., pp. 574–575.

  16. 16.

    Borutta (2009).

  17. 17.

    Carr (1921).

  18. 18.

    Frank (1957).

  19. 19.

    Ibid.

  20. 20.

    Ibid.

  21. 21.

    Schäfer (2006).

  22. 22.

    Brooks (2015).

  23. 23.

    Brown (1985).

  24. 24.

    Brooks (2015); “…superpositions are impossible for objects composed of more than a certain number of particles because of a phenomenon called spontaneous localisation, which suggests that the distribution of mass – its density – is what matters”.

  25. 25.

    That is, the ghost cannot be the energetic expression of matter.

  26. 26.

    Riggs (2013).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Social Science and Psychology, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, Australia

    Tony Jinks

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Jinks, T. (2019). Defining Reality. In: Psychological Perspectives on Reality, Consciousness and Paranormal Experience. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28902-7_11

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