Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Synergetics ((SSSYN))

  • 453 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter considers human pattern formation systems for which pattern formation takes place in their ordinary states. Recall that the ordinary state is given by the brain state and variables describing force production as well as position and movement of the body and limbs. Pattern formation of ordinary states implies that the formation of patterns does not affect the structure of those systems. With respect to the system classes introduced in Chap. 5 (see Fig. 5.5) this further implies that we are dealing with A1 systems and all B systems. However, in fact, while the pattern emerges in an appropriately defined ordinary state and, consequently, the pattern does not involve structure components, the structure is not necessarily fixed. In particular, external forces may affect the structure of the systems under consideration in order to induce bifurcations that lead to the formation of BA and BBA patterns. Therefore, not only A1 systems and B systems are considered but also D0 and D2 systems. D1 and D3 systems are considered when considering single events of pattern formation (which will be explained in more detail in the sections below).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The walking Froude number is proportional to the square of the speed. In contrast, there is another Froude number that is defined by the speed divided by the square root of leg length and the earth gravitational constant. This classical Froude number is proportional to speed. The walking Froude number is just the square of the classical Froude number.

References

  1. R.M. Alexander, Exploring Biomechanics: Animals in Motion (W. H. Freeman, New York, 1992)

    Google Scholar 

  2. S. Barbay, G. Giacomelli, F. Marin, Stochastic resonance in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. Phys. Rev. E 61, 157–166 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. P.C. Bressloff, J.D. Cowan, M. Golubitsky, P.J. Thomas, M.C. Wiener, Geometric visual hallucinations, Euclidean symmetry and the functional architecture of striate cortex. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 356, 299–330 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  4. P.C. Bressloff, J.D. Cowan, M. Golubitsky, P.J. Thomas, M.C. Wiener, What geometric visual hallucinations tell us about the visual cortex. Neural Comput. 14, 473–491 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Carello, A. Grosofsky, F.D. Reichel, H.Y. Solomon, M.T. Turvey, Visually perceiving what is reachable. Ecol. Psychol. 1, 27–54 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Chiangga, T.D. Frank, Stochastic properties in bistable region of single-transverse-mode vertical-surface emitting lasers. Nonlin. Phenom. Complex Syst. 13, 32–37 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  7. A. Daffertshofer, H. Haken, A new approach to recognition of deformed patterns. Pattern Recogn. 27, 1697–1705 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F.J. Diedrich, W.H. Warren, Why change gaits? Dynamics of the walk-run transition. J. Exp. Psychol. - Hum. Percept. Perform. 21, 183–202 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. F.J. Diedrich, W.H. Warren, The dynamics of gait transitions: effects of grade and load. J. Motor Behav. 30, 60–78 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. P. Fitzpatrick, C. Carello, R.C. Schmidt, D. Corey, Haptic and visual perception of an affordance for upright posture. Ecol. Psychol. 6, 265–287 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. T.D. Frank, On a multistable competitive network model in the case of an inhomogeneous growth rate spectrum with an application to priming. Phys. Lett. A 373, 4127–4133 (2009)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. T.D. Frank, New perspectives on pattern recognition algorithm based on Haken’s synergetic computer network, in Perspective on Pattern Recognition ed. by M.D. Fournier, pp. 153–172, Chap. 7 (Nova Publ., New York, 2011)

    Google Scholar 

  13. T.D. Frank, Multistable pattern formation systems: candidates for physical intelligence. Ecol. Psychol. 24, 220–240 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T.D. Frank, Domains of attraction of walking and running attractors are context dependent: illustration for locomotion on tilted floors. Int. J. Sci. World 3, 81–90 (2015)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. T.D. Frank, Perception adapts via top-down regulation to task repetition: a Lotka-Volterra-Haken modelling analysis of experimental data. J. Integr. Neurosci. 15, 67–79 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T.D. Frank, A synergetic gait transition model for hysteretic gait transitions from walking to running. J. Biol. Syst. 24, 51–61 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. T.D. Frank, Unstable modes and order parameters of bistable signaling pathways at saddle-node bifurcations: a theoretical study based on synergetics. Adv. Math. Phys. 2016, article 8938970 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  18. T.D. Frank, Determinism of behavior and synergetics, in Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, ed. by R.A. Meyers, Chap. 695 (Springer, Berlin, 2018)

    Google Scholar 

  19. T.D. Frank, M.J. Richardson, S.M. Lopresti-Goodman, M.T. Turvey, Order parameter dynamics of body-scaled hysteresis and mode transitions in grasping behavior. J. Biol. Phys. 35, 127–147 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. T.D. Frank, V.L.S. Profeta, H. Harrison, Interplay between order parameter and system parameter dynamics: considerations on perceptual-cognitive-behavioral mode-mode transitions exhibiting positive and negative hysteresis and response times. J. Biol. Phys. 41, 257–292 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. R.W. Frischholz, F.G. Boebel, K.P. Spinner, Face recognition with the synergetic computer, in Proceedings of the First International Conference on Applied Synergetics and Synergetic Engineering (Frauenhofer Institute IIS., Erlangen, 1994), pp. 100–106

    Google Scholar 

  22. A. Fuchs, H. Haken, Pattern recognition and associative memory as dynamical processes in a synergetic system. I. Translational invariance, selective attention and decomposition of scene. Biol. Cybern. 60, 17–22 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  23. J.J. Gibson, The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception (Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, 1979)

    Google Scholar 

  24. S. Gori, E. Giora, R. Pedersini, Perceptual multistability in figure-ground segregation using motion stimuli. Acta Psychol. 129, 399–409 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. S. Grillner, Neurobiological bases of rhythmic motor acts in vertebrates. Science 228, 143–149 (1985)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Grillner, P. Wallen, Central pattern generators for locomotion, with special reference to vertebrates. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 233–261 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. S. Grossberg, C. Pribe, M.A. Cohen, Neural control of interlimb oscillations. I. Human bimanual coordination. Biol. Cybern. 64, 485–495 (1997)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. H. Haken, Light: Laser Light Dynamics (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1991)

    Google Scholar 

  29. H. Haken, Synergetic Computers and Cognition (Springer, Berlin, 1991)

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. N. Hirose, A. Nishio, The process of adaptation to perceiving new action capabilities. Ecol. Psychol. 13, 49–69 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Hreljac, Effects of physical characteristics on the gait transition speed during human locomotion. Hum. Mov. Sci. 14, 205–216 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. A. Hreljac, R. Imamura, R.F. Escamilla, W.B. Edwards, Effects of changing protocol, grade, and direction on the preferred gait transition speed during human locomotion. Gait Posture 25, 419–424 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. R.T. Hurlburt, S.A. Akhter, Unsymbolized thinking. Conscious. Cogn. 17, 1364–1374 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. L. Iosa, L. Gizzi, F. Tamburella, N. Dominici, Editorial: neuro-motor control and feed-forward models of locomotion in humans. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 9, article 306 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  35. B. Katz, Nerve, Muscle and Synapse (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1966)

    Google Scholar 

  36. S. Kim, T.D. Frank, Correlations between hysteretic categorical and continuous judgments of perceptual stimuli supporting a unified dynamical systems approach to perception. Perception 47, 44–66 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Kleinschmidt, C. Buchel, C. Hutton, K.J. Friston, R.S.J. Frackowiak, The neural structures expressing perceptual hysteresis in visual letter recognition. Neuron 34, 659–666 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. S.M. Kosslyn, R.S. Rosenberg, Psychology: the Brain, the Person, the World (Allyn and Bacon, New York, 2001)

    Google Scholar 

  39. S.M. Kosslyn, W.L. Thompson, I.J. Kim, N.M. Albert, Topographical representations of mental images in primary visual cortex. Nature 378, 496–498 (1953)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. S.M. Kosslyn, A. Pascual-Leone, O. Felician, S. Camposano, W.L. Thompson, W.L. Ganis, K.E. Sukel, N.M. Albert, The role of area 17 in visual imagery: convergent evidence from PET and rTMS. Science 284, 167–170 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. A.D. Kuo, The relative roles of feedforward and feedback in the control o rhythmic movements. Motor Control 6, 129–145 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. L. Li, Stability landscapes of walking and running near gait transition speed. J. Appl. Biomater. 16, 428–435 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  43. S.M. Lopresti-Goodman, M. Richardson, M.J. Baron, C. Carello, K.L. Marsh, Task constraints on affordance boundaries. Motor Control 13, 69–83 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. S.M. Lopresti-Goodman, M.T. Turvey, T.D. Frank, Behavioral dynamics of the affordance “graspable”. Atten. Percept. Psychophys. 73, 1948–1965 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. L.S. Mark, Eyeheight-scaled information about affordances: a study of sitting and stair climbing. J. Exp. Psychol. - Hum. Percept. Perform. 13, 361–370 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. N.I. Markevich, J.B. Hoek, B.N. Kholodenko, Signaling switches and bistability arising from multisite phopsphorylation in protein kinase cascades. J. Cell Biol. 164, 353–359 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. B. Nagler, M. Peeters, J. Albert, G. Verschaffelt, K. Panajotov, H. Thiehpont, I. Veretnnicoff, J. Danckaert, S. Barbay, G. Giacomelli, F. Marin, Polarization-mode hopping in single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers: theory and experiment. Phys. Rev. A 68, 013813 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. K.M. Newell, D.M. Scully, P.V. McDonald, R. Baillargeon, Task constraints and infant grip configuration. Dev. Psychobiol. 22, 817–832 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. K.M. Newell, D.M. Scully, F. Tenenbaum, S. Hardiman, Body scale and the development of prehension. Dev. Psychobiol. 22, 1–13 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. G. Nicolis, Introduction to Nonlinear Sciences (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  51. F. Ortega, J.L. Garces, F. Mas, B.N. Kholodenko, M. Cascante, Bistability from double phosphorylation in signal transduction. FEBS J. 273, 3915–3926 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. S. Poltoratski, F. Tong, Hysteresis in dynamic perception of scenes and objects. J. Exp. Psychol. - General 143, 1875–1892 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. H.G. Purwins, H.U. Bödeker, S. Amiranasvili, Dissipative solitons. Adv. Phys. 59, 485–701 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. P.B. Putfall, C. Dunbar, Perceiving whether or not the world affords stepping onto and over: a developmental study. Ecol. Psychol. 4, 17–38 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. M.J. Richardson, K.L. Marsh, R.M. Baron, Judging and actualizing intrapersonal and interpersonal affordances. J. Exp. Psychol. - Hum. Percept. Perform. 33, 845–859 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. C.M. Schwiedrizik, C.C. Ruff, A. Lazar, F.C. Leitner, W. Singer, L. Melloni, Untangling perceptual memory: hysteresis and adaptation map into separate cortical networks. Cereb. Cortex 24, 1152–1164 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. M.N. Shadlen, W.T. Newsome, Motion perception: seeing and deciding. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 628–633 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. M.N. Shadlen, W.T. Newsome, Neural basis of a perceptual decision in the parietal cortex (area lip) of the rhesus monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 86, 1916–1936 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. M.L. Shik, G.N. Orlovskii, F.V. Severin, Organization of locomotor synergism. Biofizika 11, 879–886 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  60. H. Shimizu, Y. Yamaguchi, Synergetic computer and holonics: information dynamics of a semantic computer. Phys. Scripta 36, 970–985 (1987)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. T.A. Stoffregen, C.M. Yang, B.G. Bardy, Affordance judgments and nonlocomotor body movement. Ecol. Psychol. 17, 75–104 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. E.C. Tolman, Cognitive maps in rats and men. Psychol. Rev. 55, 189–208 (1948)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  63. B. Tyldesley, J.I. Grieve, Muscles, Nerves, and Movement — Kinesiology in Daily Living (Blackwell Science, Oxford, 1996)

    Google Scholar 

  64. J. van der Kamp, G.J.P. Savelsbergh, W.E. Davis, Body-scaled ratio as a control parameter for prehension in 5- to 9-year old children. Dev. Psychobiol. 33, 351–361 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. V.S. Vorobev, The law of corresponding states for the entropy of rare gases. Chem. Phys. Lett. 383, 359–361 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. J.B. Wagman, A. Hajnal, Getting off on the right (or left) foot: perceiving by means of a rod attached to the preferred or non-preferred foot. Exp. Brain Res. 232, 3591–3599 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. J.B. Wagman, A. Hajnal, Task specificity and anatomical independence in perception of properties by means of wielded object. J. Exp. Psychol. - Hum. Percept. Perform. 40, 2372–2391 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. J.B. Wagman, C.A. Taheny, T. Higuchi, Improvements in perception of maximum reaching height transfer to increases or decreases in reaching ability. Am. J. Psychol. 127, 269–279 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. W.H. Warren, Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. J. Exp. Psychol. - Hum. Percept. Perform. 10, 683–703 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. H. Yokoi, A. Adamatzky, B.L. Costello, Excitable chemical medium controller for a robotic hand: closed-loop experiments. Int. J. Bif. Chaos 14, 3347–3354 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Frank, T. (2019). Pattern Formation of Ordinary States. In: Determinism and Self-Organization of Human Perception and Performance. Springer Series in Synergetics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28821-1_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics