Abstract
The increase in number and visibility of non-state actors (NGOs, corporations, philanthropic foundations, social movements, think tanks, etc.) has shaken up the diplomatic game, forcing states to take them into consideration. They have also developed their own diplomatic activities, sometimes delegated by states, at other times in competition with or in opposition to them. What is the nature of these diplomatic activities? Are we witnessing an overhaul of diplomatic practices? Do they form a system such that one might refer to diplomacy by non-state actors? After analyzing the constitution and then the erosion of the regalian diplomatic monopoly, along with the history of non-state actors’ diplomatic involvement, this chapter will examine diplomatic activities that non-state actors have undertaken and practices they have revived, and then explore how governmental diplomacy has adapted, as well as the limits to forming a “diplomatic system” by non-state actors.
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Notes
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The British created their East India Company in 1600, the Dutch in 1602, the Danish in 1616, the Portuguese in 1628, the French in 1664, and the Swedish in 1731.
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Guilbaud, A. (2020). Diplomacy by Non-State Actors. In: Balzacq, T., Charillon, F., Ramel, F. (eds) Global Diplomacy. The Sciences Po Series in International Relations and Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28786-3_13
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