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Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Epigenetics

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Book cover Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

The term epigenome refers to the complete set of DNA methylation events, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility and its relation to coding and noncoding RNA molecules. All marks are cell-type specific and are dynamically modulated throughout the lifetime of an individual. Epigenetic processes are critical for regular development of the intestinal mucosa. Important examples include shaping of immune responses and epithelial differentiation. However, specific epigenetic signatures and genetic variants in genes encoding parts of the epigenetic machinery (e.g., DNMT3A/B) have also been associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, it is well conceivable that such alterations of the epigenome in different cellular compartments may link genetic susceptibility and environmental influences and may determine “decision points” in the progression toward disease onset (i.e., manifestation) and/or progression of IBD. The chapter provides a review of recent advances in epigenetic research in IBD and aims to link general aspects of our understanding of epigenetic processes in the intestine with more specific clinical observations.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the BMBF grant SysINFLAME, the EU grant SYSCID #733100, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under contract numbers SFB1182 C2, and the Cluster of Excellence Precision medicine in chronic inflammation. We apologize to those researchers whose important contributions to the field we were unable to include.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Antonella Fazio, Dora Bordoni & Philip Rosenstiel

  2. Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Philip Rosenstiel

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  1. Antonella Fazio
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  2. Dora Bordoni
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  3. Philip Rosenstiel
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Correspondence to Philip Rosenstiel .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gastroenterology unit, Patient Area Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    Charlotte Hedin

  2. Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    John D. Rioux

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Mauro D'Amato

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Fazio, A., Bordoni, D., Rosenstiel, P. (2019). Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Epigenetics. In: Hedin, C., Rioux, J., D'Amato, M. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28703-0_9

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