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Gingival Epithelial Cell Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide

  • Conference paper
Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1197))

Abstract

Gingival epithelium plays a pivotal role in protecting the underlying periodontium from the microbial colonization found in the gingival sulcus. Having an appropriate phenotype displayed by gingival epithelial cells is a critical host component required for protection against bacterial invasion into gingival tissues. In the present study, gingival epithelial homeostasis associated with the CXCL-8/IL-8 chemokine response was investigated in vitro to determine the mechanisms that gingival epithelial cells utilize for sensing gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. The findings of this study have demonstrated, by using Fusobacterium nucleatum, a heterogeneity of gingival epithelial cell response by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, a lipoprotein sensor. Notably, however, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major virulence factor of gram-negative bacteria, is not recognized by gingival epithelial cells unless the LPS is internalized into the cells. Activation of TLR4 in gingival epithelial cells occurs in the endosome, an intracellular event that requires a vesicular acidification to turn on TLR4 signaling, indicating their stringency for fine-tuning a local LPS response. This study has identified a unique LPS sensing mechanism of the oral epithelium to overcome a periodontal infection associated with LPS derived from gram-negative microbes that arises during dysbiosis.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by NIH NIDCR grant number RO1DE023453 awarded to Richard P. Darveau. Anandamahidol scholarship 2011 was awarded to Nutthapong Kantrong.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Nutthapong Kantrong

  2. Research Group of Chronic Inflammatory Oral Diseases and Systemic Diseases Associated with Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand

    Nutthapong Kantrong

  3. Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Thao T. To & Richard P. Darveau

Authors
  1. Nutthapong Kantrong
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  2. Thao T. To
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  3. Richard P. Darveau
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Richard P. Darveau .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

    Georgios N. Belibasakis  & Nagihan Bostanci  & 

  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    George Hajishengallis

  3. King’s College London Dental Institute, London, UK

    Michael A. Curtis

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Kantrong, N., To, T.T., Darveau, R.P. (2019). Gingival Epithelial Cell Recognition of Lipopolysaccharide. In: Belibasakis, G.N., Hajishengallis, G., Bostanci, N., Curtis, M.A. (eds) Oral Mucosal Immunity and Microbiome. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1197. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28524-1_5

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