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The Socio-educational Model of Second Language Acquisition

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The Palgrave Handbook of Motivation for Language Learning

Abstract

This is an overview of the Socio-Educational Model of Second Language Acquisition from the first publication on the topic (Gardner & Lambert, Canadian Journal of Psychology, 13, 266–272, 1959) to recent research. Topics include The Attitude Motivation Test Battery, the 10 scales assessed by it, four aggregate variables (e.g., integrativeness, attitudes toward the learning situation, language anxiety and motivation), and representative research on achievement, perseverance, bicultural excursions, classroom behavior, language retention, and the research paradigm. A final section presents recent research on the role of the Socio-Educational Model applied to English as a global language. This section presents a path analysis of the Socio-Educational Model in general, reliability data based on samples from Canada vs Other Countries, and path analysis coefficients from five different countries, Croatia, Poland, Romania, Spain and Brazil.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Two of the earliest scales were the integrative and instrumental orientation scales, and though both of them are still included in the battery, only one, the integrative orientation scale is considered a component of the model.

  2. 2.

    In a meta-analysis, Masgoret and Gardner (2003) report mean internal consistency reliabilities of.80,.91, and.84 for Motivational Intensity, Attitudes toward Learning the Language, and Desire to Learn the Language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada

    Robert C. Gardner

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  1. Robert C. Gardner
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Correspondence to Robert C. Gardner .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Education, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK

    Martin Lamb

  2. Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary

    Kata Csizér

  3. Department of Social and Behavioural Studies, University West, Trollhättan, Sweden

    Alastair Henry

  4. School of Culture, Media and Society, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

    Stephen Ryan

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Gardner, R.C. (2019). The Socio-educational Model of Second Language Acquisition. In: Lamb, M., Csizér, K., Henry, A., Ryan, S. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Motivation for Language Learning. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28380-3_2

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  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28379-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28380-3

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