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Biostatistics

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Abstract

This chapter introduces the readers to the essential biostatistical concepts relevant to clinical research. Types of scientific data (e.g., continuous, categorical, nominal, dichotomous, etc.), their distribution (normal, skewed, etc.), and the most appropriate statistical tests (t-test, chi-squared, ANOVA, etc.) for their analysis are explained. Each statistical test of significance is explained in detail.

Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and dispersion (standard deviation and standard error) and their appropriate use are discussed.

Null and alternative hypotheses as well as the concept of statistical significance, along with its measurement (p-value), are explained.

Concepts of confidence interval and type 1 and 2 statistical errors are covered.

Relative risk, odds ratio, hazard ratio, and survival analysis are explained.

Explanation of the concept of correlation and calculation of its coefficient, introduction to regression analysis are provided. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and likelihood ratio, and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and its interpretation and use are covered.

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    Author information

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

      Sergey Kunkov

    Authors
    1. Sergey Kunkov
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    Editor information

    Editors and Affiliations

    1. Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Lincoln Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA

      Muhammad Waseem

    2. Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Service Line Quality Director,Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Service Line, Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital Manhasset, New York, NY, USA

      Isabel A. Barata

    3. Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Downstate/Kings County Hospital Center, New York, NY, USA

      Jennifer H. Chao

    4. Emergency Medicine,Associate Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency, Assistant Professor, Department of EM and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New York, NY, USA

      David Foster

    5. Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, The Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA

      Noah Kondamudi

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    Kunkov, S. (2020). Biostatistics. In: Waseem, M., Barata, I., Chao, J., Foster, D., Kondamudi, N. (eds) Prepare for the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Board Examination. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28372-8_34

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28372-8_34

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    • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28370-4

    • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28372-8

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