Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Neuromodulation for Voiding Dysfunction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Female Pelvic Surgery

  • 827 Accesses

Abstract

Neuromodulatory techniques used in the treatment of voiding dysfunction include peripheral tibial nerve stimulation and sacral neuromodulation, which are approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as third-line therapies for overactive bladder. This chapter details the indications, patient evaluation, surgical techniques, outcomes, and adverse effects of peripheral tibial nerve stimulation and sacral neuromodulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006;50(6):1306–14; discussion 14–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2006.09.019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Gormley EA, Lightner DJ, Faraday M, Vasavada SP, American Urological A. Society of Urodynamics FPM. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment. J Urol. 2015;193(5):1572–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.087.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Everaert K, Devulder J, De Muynck M, Stockman S, Depaepe H, De Looze D, et al. The pain cycle: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic pain syndromes. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2001;12(1):9–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Martellucci J, Naldini G, Carriero A. Sacral nerve modulation in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain. Int J Color Dis. 2012;27(7):921–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-011-1394-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rushton DN. Electrical stimulation in the treatment of pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2002;24(8):407–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638280110108832.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Tanagho EA. Neuromodulation and neurostimulation: overview and future potential. Transl Androl Urol. 2012;1(1):44–9. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.01.01.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Jezernik S, Craggs M, Grill WM, Creasey G, Rijkhoff NJ. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of bladder dysfunction: current status and future possibilities. Neurol Res. 2002;24(5):413–30. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164102101200294.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Liberman D, Ehlert MJ, Siegel SW. Sacral neuromodulation in urological practice. Urology. 2017;99:14–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.06.004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Nashold BS Jr, Friedman H, Boyarsky S. Electrical activation of micturition by spinal cord stimulation. J Surg Res. 1971;11(3):144–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Schmidt RA, Bruschini H, Tanagho EA. Sacral root stimulation in controlled micturition. Peripheral somatic neurotomy and stimulated voiding. Investig Urol. 1979;17(2):130–4.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brindley GS, Polkey CE, Rushton DN, Cardozo L. Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia: the first 50 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986;49(10):1104–14.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Caldwell KP. The electrical control of sphincter incompetence. Lancet. 1963;2(7300):174–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Sherman ND, Amundsen CL. Current and future techniques of neuromodulation for bladder dysfunction. Curr Urol Rep. 2007;8(6):448–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Griffiths D. Neural control of micturition in humans: a working model. Nat Rev Urol. 2015;12(12):695–705. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2015.266.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Athwal BS, Berkley KJ, Hussain I, Brennan A, Craggs M, Sakakibara R, et al. Brain responses to changes in bladder volume and urge to void in healthy men. Brain. 2001;124(Pt 2):369–77.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Blok BF, Willemsen AT, Holstege G. A PET study on brain control of micturition in humans. Brain. 1997;120(Pt 1):111–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kavia RB, Dasgupta R, Fowler CJ. Functional imaging and the central control of the bladder. J Comp Neurol. 2005;493(1):27–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.20753.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Bosch JL. An update on sacral neuromodulation: where do we stand with this in the management of lower urinary tract dysfunction in 2010? BJU Int. 2010;106(10):1432–42. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09702.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Griffiths D, Tadic SD, Schaefer W, Resnick NM. Cerebral control of the bladder in normal and urge-incontinent women. NeuroImage. 2007;37(1):1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.04.061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Janssen DA, Martens FM, de Wall LL, van Breda HM, Heesakkers JP. Clinical utility of neurostimulation devices in the treatment of overactive bladder: current perspectives. Med Devices (Auckl). 2017;10:109–22. https://doi.org/10.2147/MDER.S115678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Matsuura S, Kakizaki H, Mitsui T, Shiga T, Tamaki N, Koyanagi T. Human brain region response to distention or cold stimulation of the bladder: a positron emission tomography study. J Urol. 2002;168(5):2035–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000027600.26331.11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Fowler CJ. Brain activation during micturition. Brain. 1998;121(Pt 11):2031–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Huang JC, Deletis V, Vodusek DB, Abbott R. Preservation of pudendal afferents in sacral rhizotomies. Neurosurgery. 1997;41(2):411–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Michels LBB, Gregorini F, Kurz M, Schurch B, Kessler TM, Kollias S, Menert U. Supraspinal control of urine storage and micturition in men – an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex. 2015;25(10):3369–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Noblett K, Siegel S, Mangel J, Griebling TL, Sutherland SE, Bird ET, et al. Results of a prospective, multicenter study evaluating quality of life, safety, and efficacy of sacral neuromodulation at twelve months in subjects with symptoms of overactive bladder. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016;35(2):246–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22707.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. McGuire EJ, Zhang SC, Horwinski ER, Lytton B. Treatment of motor and sensory detrusor instability by electrical stimulation. J Urol. 1983;129(1):78–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Govier FE, Litwiller S, Nitti V, Kreder KJ Jr, Rosenblatt P. Percutaneous afferent neuromodulation for the refractory overactive bladder: results of a multicenter study. J Urol. 2001;165(4):1193–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Stoller M. Afferent nerve stimulation for pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 1999;10(1):99.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gaziev G, Topazio L, Iacovelli V, Asimakopoulos A, Di Santo A, De Nunzio C, et al. Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation (PTNS) efficacy in the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunctions: a systematic review. BMC Urol. 2013;13:61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-13-61.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Moossdorff-Steinhauser HF, Berghmans B. Effects of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation on adult patients with overactive bladder syndrome: a systematic review. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013;32(3):206–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22296.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Farhan BAA, Dutta R, Ghoniem G. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in urology: overview. Women’s Health Gynecol. 2016;5:7–9.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Karademir K, Baykal K, Sen B, Senkul T, Iseri C, Erden D. A peripheric neuromodulation technique for curing detrusor overactivity: Stoller afferent neurostimulation. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2005;39(3):230–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365590510031147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Burton C, Sajja A, Latthe PM. Effectiveness of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn. 2012;31(8):1206–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22251.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Schmidt RA, Jonas U, Oleson KA, Janknegt RA, Hassouna MM, Siegel SW, et al. Sacral nerve stimulation for treatment of refractory urinary urge incontinence. Sacral Nerve Stimulation Study Group. J Urol. 1999;162(2):352–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Vandoninck V, van Balken MR, Finazzi Agro E, Heesakkers JP, Debruyne FM, Kiemeney LA, et al. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation in the treatment of voiding dysfunction: urodynamic data. Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(3):246–51. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.10158.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Jiang CH, Lindstrom S. Prolonged enhancement of the micturition reflex in the cat by repetitive stimulation of bladder afferents. J Physiol. 1999;517(Pt 2):599–605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Finazzi Agro E, Campagna A, Sciobica F, Petta F, Germani S, Zuccala A, et al. Posterior tibial nerve stimulation: is the once-a-week protocol the best option? Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2005;57(2):119–23.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Yoong W, Ridout AE, Damodaram M, Dadswell R. Neuromodulative treatment with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for intractable detrusor instability: outcomes following a shortened 6-week protocol. BJU Int. 2010;106(11):1673–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09461.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. MacDiarmid SA, Peters KM, Shobeiri SA, Wooldridge LS, Rovner ES, Leong FC, et al. Long-term durability of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder. J Urol. 2010;183(1):234–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.08.160.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Salatzki J, Liechti MD, Spanudakis E, Gonzales G, Baldwin J, Haslam C, et al. Factors influencing return for maintenance treatment with percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the management of the overactive bladder. BJU Int. 2018;123:E20. https://doi.org/10.1111/bju.14651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Yoong W, Shah P, Dadswell R, Green L. Sustained effectiveness of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for overactive bladder syndrome: 2-year follow-up of positive responders. Int Urogynecol J. 2013;24(5):795–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-012-1936-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Sirls ER, Killinger KA, Boura JA, Peters KM. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation in the office setting: real-world experience of over 100 patients. Urology. 2018;113:34–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2017.11.026.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Peters KM, Carrico DJ, Wooldridge LS, Miller CJ, MacDiarmid SA. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for the long-term treatment of overactive bladder: 3-year results of the STEP study. J Urol. 2013;189(6):2194–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2012.11.175.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Peters KM, Carrico DJ, Perez-Marrero RA, Khan AU, Wooldridge LS, Davis GL, et al. Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus Sham efficacy in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: results from the SUmiT trial. J Urol. 2010;183(4):1438–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.12.036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Abello A, Das AK. Electrical neuromodulation in the management of lower urinary tract dysfunction: evidence, experience and future prospects. Ther Adv Urol. 2018;10(5):165–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756287218756082.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. van Breda HMK, Martens FMJ, Tromp J, Heesakkers J. A new implanted posterior tibial nerve stimulator for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: 3-month results of a novel therapy at a single center. J Urol. 2017;198(1):205–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.01.078.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Barboglio Romo PG, Gupta P. Peripheral and sacral neuromodulation in the treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am. 2017;44(3):453–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Comiter CV. Sacral nerve stimulation to treat nonobstructive urinary retention in women. Curr Urol Rep. 2008;9(5):405–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Gani J, Hennessey D. The underactive bladder: diagnosis and surgical treatment options. Transl Androl Urol. 2017;6(Suppl 2):S186–S95. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2017.04.07.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Medtronic.com. Sacral Neuromodulation Systems – InterStim II. https://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/urology/sacral-neuromodulation-systems/interstim-ii.html. Accessed 17 Mar 2019.

  51. Chermansky CJ, Krlin RM, Holley TD, Woo HH, Winters JC. Magnetic resonance imaging following InterStim(R): an institutional experience with imaging safety and patient satisfaction. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011;30(8):1486–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.21147.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Guzman-Negron JM, Pizarro-Berdichevsky J, Gill BC, Goldman HB. Can lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging be performed safely in patients with a sacral neuromodulation device? An in vivo prospective study. J Urol. 2018;200(5):1088–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2018.05.095.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Chughtai B, Thomas D, Sun T, Sedrakyan A. Failures of sacral neuromodulation for incontinence. JAMA Surg. 2018;153:493. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2017.6093.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Peters KM, Killinger KA, Gilleran JP, Bartley J, Wolfert C, Boura JA. Predictors of reoperation after sacral neuromodulation: a single institution evaluation of over 400 patients. Neurourol Urodyn. 2017;36(2):354–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22929.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Jaqua K, Powell CR. Where are we headed with neuromodulation for overactive bladder? Curr Urol Rep. 2017;18(8):59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-017-0711-x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Hassouna M, Elmayergi N, Abdelhady M. Update on sacral neuromodulation: indications and outcomes. Curr Urol Rep. 2003;4(5):391–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Jacobs SA, Lane FL, Osann KE, Noblett KL. Randomized prospective crossover study of interstim lead wire placement with curved versus straight stylet. Neurourol Urodyn. 2014;33(5):488–92. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22437.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Tutolo M, Ammirati E, Heesakkers J, Kessler TM, Peters KM, Rashid T, et al. Efficacy and safety of sacral and percutaneous tibial neuromodulation in non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction and chronic pelvic pain: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Urol. 2018;73:406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2017.11.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Siegel S, Noblett K, Mangel J, Bennett J, Griebling TL, Sutherland SE, et al. Five-year followup results of a prospective, multicenter study of patients with overactive bladder treated with sacral neuromodulation. J Urol. 2018;199(1):229–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2017.07.010.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Groenendijk PM, Lycklama ANAA, Ouwerkerk TJ, van den Hombergh U. Five-year follow-up after sacral neuromodulation: single center experience. Neuromodulation. 2007;10(4):363–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1403.2007.00122.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Elneil S, Abtahi B, Helal M, Digesu A, Gonzales G. Optimizing the duration of assessment of stage-1 sacral neuromodulation in nonobstructive chronic urinary retention. Neuromodulation. 2014;17(1):66–70; discussion −1. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12017.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Scheepens WA, de Bie RA, Weil EH, van Kerrebroeck PE. Unilateral versus bilateral sacral neuromodulation in patients with chronic voiding dysfunction. J Urol. 2002;168(5):2046–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000034352.91753.a5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Jonas U, Fowler CJ, Chancellor MB, Elhilali MM, Fall M, Gajewski JB, et al. Efficacy of sacral nerve stimulation for urinary retention: results 18 months after implantation. J Urol. 2001;165(1):15–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. van Kerrebroeck PE, van Voskuilen AC, Heesakkers JP, Lycklama a Nijholt AA, Siegel S, Jonas U, et al. Results of sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary voiding dysfunction: outcomes of a prospective, worldwide clinical study. J Urol. 2007;178(5):2029–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.07.032.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Gross C, Habli M, Lindsell C, South M. Sacral neuromodulation for nonobstructive urinary retention: a meta-analysis. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2010;16(4):249–53. https://doi.org/10.1097/SPV.0b013e3181df9b3f.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Powell C. Neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder. Curr Bladder Dysfunc Rep. 2013;8(4):282–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Cunningham KG, Westney OL. Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of retention in partial sacrectomy patients. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(8):897–900. https://doi.org/10.1111/ner.12455.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Engeler DS, Meyer D, Abt D, Muller S, Schmid HP. Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction caused by multiple sclerosis: a single-centre prospective series. BMC Urol. 2015;15:105. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-015-0102-x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Kessler TM, La Framboise D, Trelle S, Fowler CJ, Kiss G, Pannek J, et al. Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol. 2010;58(6):865–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2010.09.024.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Lombardi G, Musco S, Celso M, Del Corso F, Del Popolo G. Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic non-obstructive urinary retention in incomplete spinal cord patients: a ten-year follow-up single-centre experience. Spinal Cord. 2014;52(3):241–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2013.155.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Averbeck MA, Gomes CM. Worldwide utilization patterns of sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Curr Bladder Dysfunc Rep. 2016;11(4):356–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Knupfer SC, Liechti MD, Mordasini L, Abt D, Engeler DS, Wollner J, et al. Protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial investigating sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. BMC Urol. 2014;14:65. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2490-14-65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Coyne KS, Payne C, Bhattacharyya SK, Revicki DA, Thompson C, Corey R, et al. The impact of urinary urgency and frequency on health-related quality of life in overactive bladder: results from a national community survey. Value Health. 2004;7(4):455–63. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2004.74008.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Dmochowski RR, Newman DK. Impact of overactive bladder on women in the United States: results of a national survey. Curr Med Res Opin. 2007;23(1):65–76. https://doi.org/10.1185/030079907X159533.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Teleman PM, Lidfeldt J, Nerbrand C, Samsioe G, Mattiasson A. Group Ws. Overactive bladder: prevalence, risk factors and relation to stress incontinence in middle-aged women. BJOG. 2004;111(6):600–4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2004.00137.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Tyagi S, Thomas CA, Hayashi Y, Chancellor MB. The overactive bladder: epidemiology and morbidity. Urol Clin North Am. 2006;33(4):433–8,. vii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ucl.2006.06.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Janssen DA, Farag F, Heesakkers JP. Urgent-SQ implant in treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: 9-year follow-up study. Neurourol Urodyn. 2013;32(5):472–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.22322.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Axonics. The Axonics r-SNM System. http://www.axonicsmodulation.com/product/. Accessed 17 Mar 2019.

  79. Axonics Modulation Technologies I. Axonics® Granted Expanded CE Mark Label; First and Only Sacral Neuromodulation System Approved for Use with Full-Body MRI Scans | Axonics Modulation Technologies, Inc. http://ir.axonicsmodulation.com/news-releases/news-release-details/axonicsr-granted-expanded-ce-mark-label-first-and-only-sacral/. Accessed 17 Mar 2019.

  80. Peters KM, Killinger KA, Boguslawski BM, Boura JA. Chronic pudendal neuromodulation: expanding available treatment options for refractory urologic symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010;29(7):1267–71. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20823.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Renard J, Citeri M, Zanollo L, Guerrer C, Rizzato L, Frediani L, et al. 659 pudendal nerve neuromodulation: where do we stand? Trends after analysis of a ten year experience. Eur Urol Suppl. 2016;15(3):e659.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Justina Tam, Wai Lee & Jason Kim

Authors
  1. Justina Tam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Wai Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jason Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jason Kim .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. System Director FPMRS, Associate Professor of Urology, The Smith Institute for Urology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Lake Success, NY, USA

    Farzeen Firoozi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tam, J., Lee, W., Kim, J. (2020). Neuromodulation for Voiding Dysfunction. In: Firoozi, F. (eds) Female Pelvic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28319-3_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28319-3_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28318-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28319-3

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation