Abstract
This chapter discusses the first written attestations of Romani language, from the Collectanea of Johannes ex Graffing (1515) to the publication of Pott’s Die Zigeuner in Europe und Asien (1845), paying special attention to the earliest documents. Attention is given to the cultural context in which they appear, their functionality, their dialectal adscription, and their interest for our knowledge of Romani.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ab Hortis, Samuel Augustin. 1776. “Von der Sprache der Zigeuner” and “Beschluß von der Sprache der Zigeuner”. In Kaiserlich-Königlich allergnädigst privilegierte Anzeigen aus sämmtlich-kaiserlich-königlichen Erbländern, Jahrgang 6, 85–88 and 93–96.
Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier. 1998. The Spanish-Gypsy vocabulary of manuscript 3929, Biblioteca Nacional de Madrid (eighteenth century): A rereading. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 5th ser., 8: 1–18.
Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier. 2002. Un Vocabulario espanol-gitano del Marqués de Sentmenat (1697–1762). Edición y estudio lingüistico. Barcelona: Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona.
Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier. 2013. The oldest attestation of the Romani language in Spain: The Aucto del finamiento de Jacob (sixteenth century). Romani Studies 23: 245–255.
Adiego, Ignasi-Xavier. 2016. Romani or Pseudo-Romani?: On the lord’s prayer in ‘Nubian’ by Jean-Baptiste Gramaye (1622). Romani Studies 26: 175–182.
Archaimbault, Sylvie. 2010. Peter Simon Pallas (1741–1811), un naturaliste parmi les mots. Histoire Épistémologie Langage 32: 69–91.
Ascoli, Graziadio. 1865. Zigeunerisches. Halle: Heynemann.
Bacmeister, Hartwig. 1773. Idea et desideria de colligendis linguarum speciminibus. Petropoli: Typis Academiae Scientiarum.
Bakker, Peter. 1997. Review of McGowan (1996). Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 5th ser., 7 (1): 49–50.
Bakker, Peter. 2000. The genesis of Angloromani. In Scholarship and the Gypsy struggle: Commitment in Romani studies: A collection of papers and poems to celebrate Donald Kenrick’s seventieth year, ed. Thomas Acton, 14–31. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.
Bakker, Peter. 2002. An early vocabulary of British Romani (1616): A linguistic analysis. Romani Studies, 5th ser., 12 (2): 75–101.
Barthélémy, André. 1975. Le glossaire tsigane-latin de Scaliger. Etudes Tsiganes 21 (4): 5–10.
Björckman, Samuel P. 1730. Dissertatio academica de Ciganis. Uppsaliae: Literis Wernerianis.
Borde [Boorde], Andrew. 1542(?). The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge: The which doth teache a man to speake parte of all maner of languages and to knowe the vsage and fashion of al maner of coũtreys. And for to knowe the moste parte of all maner of coynes of money, ye which is curraunt in euery region. London: Wyllyam Copland.
Borde, Andrew. 1870. The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge… edited by Frederik James Furnivall. London: N. Trübner and Co.
Büttner, Christian Wilhelm. 1771. Vergleichungs-Tafeln der Schriftarten verschiedener Völker in denen vergangenen und gegenwärtigen Zeiten. Erstes Stück. Göttingen und Gotha: Johann Christian Dieterich.
Carling, Gerd, Lenny Lindell, and Gilbert Ambrazaitis. 2014. Scandoromani: Remnants of a mixed language. Leiden: Brill.
Cazes, Hélène (ed.). 2010. Bonaventura Vulcanius, works and networks. Leiden-Boston: Brill.
Courthiade, Marcel. 2014. Les premières approches linguistiques du rromani (1500–1800): entre présupposés, dégoût, ambitions et objectivité de méthode. Dossiers d’HEL, SHESL, 2014, Linguistiques d’intervention. Des usages socio-politiques des savoirs sur le langage et les langues, p. 10. Available at https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01115106/document. Accessed 11 November 2018.
Crofton, Henry. 1907. Borde’s egipt speche. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 1: 157–168.
Douglas, John. 1785. Collections on the Zingara, or Gypsey language; by Jacob Bryant. In Archaeologia: Or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity 7: 387–394 [= The annual register, or a view of the history politics and literature for the years 1784 and 1785 (Second edition: 1800), 83–89].
Ehrenborg, H. 1909. Swedish Tsiganologues. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 3: 111–119.
Etzler, Allan. 1944. Zigenarna och deras avkomlingar i Sverige. Historia och språk, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell.
Finck, Franz Nikolaus. 1903. Lehrbuch des Dialekts der deutschen Zigeuner. Marburg: N. G. Elwert.
Friedman, Victor A., and Robert Dankoff. 1991. The earliest text in Balkan (Rumelian) Romani: A passage from Evliya Çelebi’s Seyähat-näme. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 5th ser., 1: 1–20.
Ganander, Christfrid. 1780. Undersökning om de så kallade Tattare eller Zigeuner, Cingari, Bohemiens. Manuscript conserved in Stockholm: Kungl. Svenska Vitterhetsakademien.
Hill, John M. 1921. A Gypsy-Spanish word-list. Revue Hispanique 53: 614–615.
Jordan, Charles Etienne. 1741. Historie de la vie et des ouvrages de M. La Croze. Seconde partie, Amsterdam: Frabçois Changuion.
Kahraman, S. A., Yücel Dağlı, and Robert Dankoff. 2003. Evliyâ Çelebi Seyahatnâmesi. VIII. Kitap. İstanbul: Altan Matbaacılık Ltd.
Kluyver, A. 1900. Eene onuitgegeven lijst van woorden, afkomstig van Zigeuners uit het midden der zestiende eeuw. In Mededeelingen van de Maatschappij der Nederlandsche Letterkunde in Leiden over het jaar 1899 en 1900, 45–55. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Kluyver, A. 1911. Un glossaire tsigane du seizième siècle. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 4: 131–142.
Knauer, Georg Nicolaus. 2010. The earliest vocabulary of Romani words (c.1515) in the Collectanea of Johannes ex Grafing, a student of Johannes Reuchlin and Conrad Celtis. Romani Studies, 5th ser., 20 (1): 1–15.
Leblon, Bernard. 1982. Les Gitans dans la littérature espagnol. Toulouse: France-Ibérie Recherche.
Ludolfus, Iobus [= Hiob Ludolf]. 1691. Ad suam historiam Aethiopicam antehac editam commentarius. Francofurti Ad Moenum: Typis Martini Jacqueti.
MacRitchie, David. 1894. Scottish Gypsies under the stewarts. Edinburgh: David Douglas.
Marsden, William. 1785. Observations on the language of the people commonly called Gypsies. In Archaeologia: Or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity 7: 382–386 [= The annual register, or a view of the history politics and literature for the years 1784 and 1785 (second edition: 1800), 81–83 (without word list)].
Matras, Yaron. 1999. Johann Rüdiger and the study of Romani in eighteenth century Germany. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 5th ser., 9: 89–116.
Matras, Yaron. 2002. Romani: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Matras, Yaron. 2010. Romani in Britain: The afterlife of a language. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McGowan, Alan. 1996. The Winchester confessions 1615–1616: Depositions of travellers, Gypsies, fraudsters, and makers of counterfeit documents, including a vocabulary of the Romany language. South Chailley, East Sussex: Romany and Traveller family History Society.
Megiser, Hyeronimus. 1603. Thesaurus polyglottus uel Dictionarium multilingue. Francofurti ad Moenum [Frankfurt]: sumptibus authoris.
Miklosich, Franz. 1874. Die ältesten Denkmäler der Zigeunersprache. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften 77: 759–771.
N.N. 1726. Beschreibung des Chur-Sächsischen allgemeinen Zucht-, Waysen- und Armen-Hauses (….) Anno 1716. Bei dieser neuen Auflage mit einem Rotwelschen und Zigeunerischen Lexico (…) vermehrand et, Leipzig: Bei Christoph Hekels sel. Sohn.
N.N. 1755. Beytrag zur Rotwellischen Grammatik, oder: Wörter-Buch, von der Zigeuner-Sprache, nebst einem Schreiben eines Zigeuners an seine Frau … Frankfurt und Leipzig: n.p.
N.N. 1930. Vulcanius’ Romani vocabulary. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 3rd ser., 9: 16–25.
Pallas, Peter Simon. 1782. Neue nordische Beiträge zur physikalischen und geographischen Erd- und Völker-Beschreibung, Naturgeschichte und Ökonomie. Bd. 3. St. Petersburg, Leipzig: Johann Zacharias Logan.
Paspati, Alexandre G. 1870. Etudes sur les Tchinghianes ou Bohémiens de l’Empire Ottoman. Constantinople: Antoine Koroméla.
Piasere, Leonardo. 1994. Il piu antico testo Italiano in Romanes (1646): una riscoperta e una lettura etnostorica. Universita’ degli Studi di Verona, Facolta’ di Lettere e Filosofia, Istituto di Psicologia, Report 56.
Pott, August, 1844. Die Zigeuner in Europa und Asien: ethnographisch-linguistische Untersuchung, vornehmlich ihrer Herkunft und Sprache, nach gedruckten und ungedruckten Quellen. Halle: Heyneman.
Ranking, D. F. de l’Hoste. 1913. An Italian Gypsy comedy. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 7 (1): 59–68.
Ruch, Martin. 1986. Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der deutschsprachigen Zigeunerforschung von den Anfängen bis 1900. PhD thesis, University of Freiburg.
Rüdiger, Johann Christian Christoph. 1782. Neuester Zuwachs der teutsche, fremden und allgemeinen Sprachkunde in eigenen Aufsätzen, vol. 1. Stück Leipzig: P. G. Kummer.
Sampson, John. 1911. Jacob Bryant: Being an analysis of his Anglo-Romani vocabulary, with a discussion of the place and date of collection and an attempt to show that Bryant, not Rüdiger, was the earliest discoverer of the Indian origin of the Gypsies. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 4: 162–194.
Sampson, John. 1926. The dialect of the Gypsies of Wales. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Schulzius, Benjaminus [Benjamin Schultze].1745. Grammatica hindostanica collectis in diuturna inter Hindostanos commoratione in justum ordinem redactis ac larga exemporum [sic] luce perfusis regulis constans et missionariorum usui consecrata. Halae Saxonum: In typographia Instituti Judaici.
Valtonen, Pertti. 1969. Finnish Romani research. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 3rd ser., 48: 124–127.
Vekerdi, József. 1962. Gypsy fragments from the early eighteenth century. Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 14 (1): 123–129.
Vekerdi, József. 1982. A magyarországi cigány kutatások története. Debrecen: Kossuth Lajos Tudományegyetem.
von Adelung, Friedrich. 1815. Catherinens der grossen Verdienste um die vergleichende Sprachenkunde. St. Petersburg: Friedrich Drechsler.
Vulcanius [= De Smet], Bonaventura. 1597. De literis et lengua Getarum siue Gothorum, Ludguni Batavorum [= Leiden]: ex officina Plantiniana, apud Franciscum Raphelengium.
Wagner, Max L. 1937. Stray notes on Spanish Romani. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, 3rd ser., 16: 27–32.
Wallaszky, Paullus [Pál]. 1785. Conspectus reipublicae litterariae in Hungaria ab initiis regni ad nostra usque tempora delineatus. Posonii et Lipsiae: Antonius Loewe.
Willems, Wim.1997. In search of the true Gypsy. From enlightenment to final solution. London-Portland: Frank Cass [= 2017, London and New York: Routledge].
Windstedt, E. O. 1908. Some old German-Gypsy word-lists. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society, n.s., 2: 109–117.
Wolf, Sigmund A. 1987. Großes Wörterbuch der Zigeunersprache (romani tšiw), 2nd ed. Hamburg: Helmut Buske.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Adiego, IX. (2020). Historical Sources on the Romani Language. In: Matras, Y., Tenser, A. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Romani Language and Linguistics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28105-2_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28104-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28105-2
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)