Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Contesting Peace in the Postwar City pp 145–191Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Contesting Postwar Mitrovica

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 227 Accesses

Part of the book series: Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies ((RCS))

Abstract

This chapter employs governmentality on postwar Mitrovica (Kosovo) to understand how different governing attempts structure the field of possible acts for collectives in its urban conflicts over peace(s). The first line of analysis explores how Belgrade uses its parallel institutions—which encompass everything from healthcare and education to undercover police and criminal networks—to enable, encourage, and pressure Serbs to resist integration into Kosovo in line with the Serb ethnonational peace. The second line of analyses explores how fear governs people on both sides of Mitrovica’s Ibar river into ethnonational division—according to both the Albanian and Serb ethnonational peace(s)—where “the other” is avoided and “our side” (of the city) is protected. The third line of analyses lastly explores the inability of external governing attempts to govern Albanians and Serbs towards coexistence, showing how it is either inefficient or even counterproductive.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    77% of Kosovo’s population described themselves as Albanians in the 1981 census (Lampe 2000).

  2. 2.

    SFRJ had 1.73 million Albanians at the time, compared to 0.57 million Montenegrins, 1.34 million Macedonians, and 1.75 million Slovenes (Lampe 2000).

  3. 3.

    Encompassing everything from healthcare and education—being run from the houses and basements of doctors and teachers—to Kosovo-wide presidential elections (Devic 2006).

  4. 4.

    Around 1.1 million Albanians were made refugees. The total population of Kosovo was at that time around 2 million.

  5. 5.

    Mitrovica/Mitrovicë north of Ibar, Zvečan/Zveçan, Leposavić/Leposaviq and Zubin Potok/Potoku.

  6. 6.

    This was mainly due Albanian and Serbian having no commonalities. Yet students did learn both languages and those that went to school before the war usually can communicate with “the other”.

  7. 7.

    As illustrated by the fact that the Christian cemetery (used by Serbs) is in the south while the Muslim cemetery (used by Albanians) is in the north.

  8. 8.

    There are small Albanian neighbourhoods in the north that border the river as well as the multiethnic Bosniak Mahalla where mixed trading can be found (Clark 2014; Gusic 2015; Pinos 2016).

  9. 9.

    The enhanced focus on Mitrovica north of Ibar has a simple reason: it is where the urban conflicts over peace(s) mainly play out. The question is not if Albanians or Serbs will dominate Mitrovica, but whether the northern part of the city will come under Kosovar influence or not.

  10. 10.

    “Belgrade” refers to the institutions financed by the government of Serbia, actors whose direct or indirect chain of command stems from Belgrade, and acts of the government in Belgrade. These are usually portrayed as one entity in the urban conflicts over peace(s) in Mitrovica, both by those in favour of and opposition to “Belgrade”.

  11. 11.

    Initially UNMIK and KFOR, but later also OSCE, EULEX, the International Civilian Office (ICO), and the European Union Special Representative (EUSR).

  12. 12.

    This phrase is used by Serbs to acknowledge Kosovo’s independence while emphasising that they do not recognise it.

  13. 13.

    This feared ethnic cleansing is strengthened by actual violations of Serb, Roma, Gorani, Ashkali, and other minority rights in Kosovo since 1999 (Deda and Kursani 2012; Fort 2018; ICG 2002; 2010; 2011; Sigona et al. 2009).

  14. 14.

    While Albanians label these institutions as parallel and illegal, Serbs see them as the only legitimate ones whilst claiming that Kosovar institutions are either non-existent or inferior (interviews with local EUSR official 2014; politician 2011).

  15. 15.

    KFOR and EULEX are aware of this continued presence (interview with EULEX police officer 2015; NATO analyst 2011; UNMIK official 2011). Yet they are unable and/or unwilling to do something about it.

  16. 16.

    The integrated police officers still coordinate with local Belgrade representatives and sometimes refuse to obey commands from Pristina (interviews with EULEX official based in Pristina 2015; EULEX police officer 2015; UNMIK official 2015).

  17. 17.

    An activist told me how these groups kept files on him for years as he was considered unreliable due to his engagement with NGOs. He was told this later on when his allegiance was not uncertain anymore (conversation 2015).

  18. 18.

    This sum is actually so high that doctors and professors from Belgrade come to work in the city (conversations with doctor in 2011; professor 2011).

  19. 19.

    I took notes afterwards and while the exact words are not depicted, I believe the sentiment is.

  20. 20.

    Gračanica is one of the Serb enclaves south of Ibar, located around 10 km from Pristina.

  21. 21.

    These barricades were erected because Kosovo deployed special KP forces to seize the checkpoints between Kosovo and Serbia, which until then had been under Serb control and thus undermined the territorial integrity of Kosovo (Guzina and Marijan 2014; Visoka and Doyle 2016). This move raised Serb concerns that the divided status quo was under attack and led to barricades intended to block all security forces understood as anti-Serb (KP as well as EULEX and KFOR when they assisted KP). The barricades were guarded 24/7, alarms were installed to gather people for emergencies, and protests were regularly organised (interviews with EULEX official 2011; local ICO official 2011; local politician 2011).

  22. 22.

    The term “external” is here used to capture everything from external organisations (e.g. EULEX, OSCE, UNMIK) and NGOs with staff in Mitrovica to those that in some way or another meddle in the city from the outside—e.g. foreign embassies and diplomats in Pristina, different organisations (e.g. World Bank or the European Commission) though field offices, or governments in Berlin, Paris, and Washington (see also Visoka 2016).

  23. 23.

    This also goes for the rest of Kosovo, which probably will maintain its territorial sovereignty within the political lines it had in SFRJ while Serbs maintain self-governance vis-à-vis Pristina in municipalities where they are the majority. This future does not satisfy either side at the moment.

  24. 24.

    This led to the withdrawal of some parallel security structures, incremental integration of local Serb police into Kosovo, and many of the barricades being dismantled.

  25. 25.

    This was part of the more wide-ranging Brussels Agreement in 2013 in which the parallel institutions were the largest stumbling-block. A week later the thitherto blocked negotiations were opened (conversation with local UNDP official; see also Bieber 2015).

  26. 26.

    These are not controversial statements. The European Union (EU) refused to accept Serbia’s membership application for years, explicitly citing the lack of cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY). The application was then promptly accepted when Mladić, Hodžić, and Karadžić were captured and transferred to ICTY (see Bergman and Niemann 2015; Economides and Ker-Lindsay 2015; Obradović-Wochnik and Wochnik 2012).

  27. 27.

    These claims are supported by many sources (see Clark 2014; Deda and Kursani 2012; Ernst 2011; Fort 2018; ICG 2010; Joireman 2016; Krasniqi 2013; Lončar 2016; OSCE 2011; Narten 2009; Sigona et al. 2009; van der Borgh 2012; Zogiani and Bajrami 2014).

  28. 28.

    At least formally. The external mission did not arrive into a vacuum in 1999. Albanians had for years organised their lives parallel to the official Serb institutions and soon filled the power vacuum that emerged when Serbia withdrew from Kosovo, thus immediately starting to compete with the external missions (Ernst 2011; Ker-Lindsay 2012; Peterson 2010).

  29. 29.

    I have yet to encounter anyone preferring integration. There are those who see integration as inevitable but that is their analysis, not their desire.

References

  • Arenliu, Aliriza, Teuta Danuza and Robert Masten. 2014. “Posttraumatic stress disorder and social support in the veterans of the war in Kosovo”. KAIROS—Slovenian Journal of Psychotherapy 8:75–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bataković, Dušan T. 2004. “Kosovo: from separation to integration”. Journal of North American Society for Serbian Studies 18(2): 311–320.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2012. “Surviving in ghetto-like enclaves: the Serbs of Kosovo and Metohija 1999–2007”. In Kosovo and Metohija: living in the enclave, ed. Dušan T. Bataković. Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beha, Adem. 2015. “Disputes over the 15-point agreement on normalization of relations between Kosovo and Serbia”. Nationalities Papers 43(1): 102–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beha, Adem and Anton Vukpalaj. 2018. “Kosovo: can decentralisation resolve ethnic conflict”. In Fiscal decentralisation, local government and policy reversals in Southeastern Europe, eds. Katarina Đulić, Sanja Kmezić and William Bartlett. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann, Julian and Arne Niemann. 2015. “Mediating international conflicts: the European Union as an effective peacemaker?”. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 53(5): 957–975.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieber, Florian. 2002. “Nationalist mobilization and stories of Serb suffering: the Kosovo myth from 600th anniversary to the present”. Rethinking History 6(1): 95–110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. “The Serbia-Kosovo agreements: an EU success story?”. Review of Central and East European Law 40(3–4): 285–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bieber, Florian and Zidas Daskalovski. 2004. Understanding the war in Kosovo. Frank Cass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjeloš, Maja. 2016. “The integration of Serbian police officers and civil protection in North Kosovo”. In Implementation of the Belgrade-Prishtina dialogue: results, controversies and prospects, ed. Anna Orosz. Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

    Google Scholar 

  • Björkdahl, Annika and Ivan Gusic. 2013. “The divided city: a space for frictional peacebuilding”. Peacebuilding 1(3): 317–333.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2015. “‘Global’ norms and ‘local’ agency: frictional peacebuilding in Kosovo”. Journal of International Relations and Development 18(3): 265–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bloom, J.D., I. Hoxha, D. Sambunjak and E. Sondorp. 2006. “Ethnic segregation in Kosovo’s post-war healthcare system”. European Journal of Public Health 17(5): 430–436.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borch, Signe. 2017. “In ‘no man’s land’: the im/mobility of Serb NGO workers in Kosovo”. Social Identities 23(3): 478–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boyle, Michael J. 2010. “Revenge and reprisal violence in Kosovo”. Conflict, Security & Development 10(2): 189–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2014. Violence after war: explaining instability in post-conflict states. Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brand, Judith and Valdete Idrizi. 2012. “Grass-root approaches to inter-ethnic reconciliation in the northern part of Kosovo”. Kosovar Institute for Policy Research and Development Policy Paper Series 3: 1–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Capussela, Andrea Lorenzo. 2015. State-building in Kosovo: democracy, corruption and the EU in the Balkans. IB Tauris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, Janine Natalya. 2014. “Kosovo’s Gordian knot: the contested north and the search for a solution”. Nationalities Paper 42(3): 526–547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cocozelli, Fred. 2009. “Critical junctures and local agency: how Kosovo became independent”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 9(1–2): 191–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deda, Ilir and Shpend Kursani. 2012. “The unsupervised state: internally divided, internationally half-legitimate”. KIPRED Policy Brief 1(12): 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devic, Ana. 2006. “Transnationalization of civil society in Kosovo: international and local limits of peace and multiculturalism”. Ethnopolitics 5(3): 257–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, Frank. 2010. “The status of Kosovo: reflections on the legitimacy of secession”. Ethics and Global Politics 3(2): 123–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dijkstra, Hylke. 2011. “The planning and implementation of the rule of law mission of the European Union in Kosovo”. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 5(2): 193–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Economides, Spyros and James Ker-Lindsay. 2015. “‘Pre-accession Europeanization’: the case of Serbia and Kosovo”. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 53(5): 1027–1044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ernst, Andreas. 2011. “Fuzzy governance: statebuilding in Kosovo since 1999 as interaction between international and local actors”. Democracy and Security 7(2): 123–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fagan, Adam. 2011. “EU assistance for civil society in Kosovo: a step too far for democracy promotion?”. Democratization 18(3): 707–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fort, Emilie. 2018. “From power-sharing arrangements to identity building: the case of Kosovo Serbs in Kosovo”. Ethnopolitics 17(3): 503–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franks, Jason and Oliver P. Richmond. 2008. “Co-Opting the liberal peace: untying the Gordian knot in Kosovo”. Cooperation and Conflict 43(1): 81–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fridman, Orli. 2015. “Unstructured daily encounters: Serbs in Kosovo after the 2008 declaration of independence”. Contemporary Southeastern Europe 2(1): 173–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glenny, Misha. 1999. The Balkans 1804–1999: nationalism, war and the great powers. Granta.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gow, James. 2009. “Kosovo—the final frontier? from transitional administration to transitional statehood”. Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding 3(2): 239–257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gray, John Laidlaw and Julia Strasheim. 2016. “Security sector reform, ethnic representation and perceptions of safety: evidence from Kosovo”. Civil Wars 18(3): 338–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gusic, Ivan. 2015. “Contested democracies: disentangling understandings of democratic governance in Mitrovica”. In Divided cities: governing diversity, eds. Annika Björkdahl and Lisa Strömbom. Nordic Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2019. “The relational spatiality of the postwar condition: a study of the city of Mitrovica”. Political Geography 71: 47–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guzina, Dejan and Branka Marijan. 2014. ‘A fine balance: the EU and the process of normalizing Kosovo-Serbia relations’. CIGI Papers 23(1): 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamza, Agon. 2015. “Kosovo: the long independence day”. In Welcome to the desert of post-socialism: radical politics after Yugoslavia, eds. Srećko Horvat and Igor Štiks. Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hehir, Aidan. 2009. “NATO’s ‘humanitarian intervention’ in Kosovo: legal precedent or aberration?”. Journal of Human Rights 8(3): 245–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. Kosovo, intervention and statebuilding: the international community and the transition to independence. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horvat, Srećko and Igor Štiks, eds. 2015. Welcome to the desert of post-socialism: radical politics after Yugoslavia. Verso Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • International Crisis Group. 2002. “UNMIK’s Kosovo albatross: tackling division in Mitrovica”. Balkans Report 131(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “Serb integration in Kosovo: taking the plunge”. Europe Report 200(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2010. “The rule of law in independent Kosovo”. Europe Report 204(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2011. “North Kosovo: dual sovereignty in practice”. Europe Report 211(1).

    Google Scholar 

  • Joireman, Sandra F. 2016. “External conditionalities and institutional change constructing constituencies for the rule of law in Kosovo”. East European Politics & Societies 30(2): 315–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joseph, Regina and Jitske Hoogenboom. 2014. “North Kosovo in 2020: future histories in the making”: 1–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jović, Nikola. 2015. “A survey of ethnic distance in Kosovo”. In Perspectives of a multiethnic Kosovo, eds. Jovan Teokarević, Bekim Baliqi and Stefan Surlić. Youth Initiative for Human Rights.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jović, Nikola and Branislav Nešović. 2015. “Views of the citizens in north Kosovo: political, economic and security aspects”. Ngo Aktiv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Judah, Tim. 2008. Kosovo: what everyone needs to know. Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ker-Lindsay, James. 2012. “The UN and the post-intervention stabilization of Kosovo”. Ethnopolitics: Formerly Global Review of Ethnopolitics 11(4): 392–405.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • King, Iain and Whit Mason. 2006. Peace at any price: how the world failed Kosovo. C. Hurst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knaus, Verena. 2005. “The Mitrovica dilemma”. Chicago-Kent Law Review 80(71): 71–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Knoll, Bernard. 2005. “From benchmarking to final status?”. European Journal of International Law 16(4): 637–660.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kostovicova, Denisa. 2014 “When enlargement meets common foreign and security policy: Serbia’s Europeanisation, visa liberalisation and the Kosovo policy”. Europe-Asia Studies 66(1): 67–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krampe, Florian. 2016. “Water for peace? post-conflict water resource management in Kosovo”. Cooperation and Conflict 52(2): 147–165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krasniqi, Gëzim. 2012. “Overlapping jurisdictions, disputed territory, unsettled state: the perplexing case of citizenship in Kosovo”. Citizenship Studies 16(3–4): 353–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. “‘Quadratic nexus’ and the process of democratization and state-building in Albania and Kosovo: a comparison”. Nationalities Papers 41(3): 395–411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kursani, Shpend. 2014. “Altering the status quo in the northern part of Kosovo after the first Brussels agreement”. IKS, 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampe, John R. 2000. Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lončar, Jelena. 2016. “State-building and local resistance in Kosovo: minority exclusion through inclusive legislation”. Communist and Post-Communist Studies 49(3): 279–290.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luković, Miloš. 2007. “Kosovska Mitrovica: past and present”. In Kosovo and Metohija: living in the enclave, ed. Dušan T. Bataković. Institute for Balkan Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martino, Francesco. 2014. “Kosovo: beyond the Brussels agreement”. ISPI Analysis 254(1): 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehmeti, Leandrit I. and Branislav Radeljić. 2018. Kosovo and Serbia: contested options and shared consequences. University of Pittsburgh Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mulaj, Kledja. 2011. “The problematic legitimacy of international-led statebuilding: challenges of uniting international and local interests in post-conflict Kosovo”. Contemporary Politics 17(3): 241–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagy, Attila. 2014. “North Kosovo as a political and administrative phenomenon”. RSP 42(1): 25–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narten, Jens. 2009. “Assessing Kosovo’s postwar democratisation: between external imposition and local self-government”. Taiwan Journal of Democracy 5(1): 127–162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nešović, Branislav and Riccardo Celeghini. 2015. “Community/Association of Serbian Municipalities: the sum of all fears”. Ngo Aktiv.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obradović-Wochnik, Jelena and Alexander Wochnik. 2012. “Europeanising the ‘Kosovo question’: Serbia’s policies in the context of EU integration”. West European Politics 35(5): 1158–1181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orosz, Anna, ed. 2016a. Implementation of the Belgrade-Prishtina dialogue: results, controversies and prospects. Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2016b. “Introductory remarks to the book”. In Implementation of the Belgrade-Prishtina dialogue: results, controversies and prospects, ed. Anna Orosz. Institute for Foreign Affairs and Trade.

    Google Scholar 

  • OSCE. 2011. “Municipal responses to security incidents affecting communities in Kosovo and the role of municipal safety councils”. [http://www.osce.org/kosovo/86766].

  • Pavković, Alexandar. 1997. “Anticipating the disintegration: nationalisms in former Yugoslavia, 1980–1990”. Nationalities Papers 25(3): 427–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2000. “Recursive secessions in former Yugoslavia: too hard a case for theories of secession?”. Political Studies 48(3): 485–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perritt, Henry H. 2010. The road to independence for Kosovo: a chronicle of the Ahtisaari plan. Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pešić, Vesna. 1996. “Serbian nationalism and the origins of the Yugoslav crisis”. United States Institute of Peace 11: 1–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, Jenny H. 2010. “‘Rule of Law’ initiatives and the liberal peace: the impact of politicised reform in post-conflict states”. Disasters 34(1): S15–S39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pinos, Jaume Castan. 2016. “A city (re)shaped by division”. In Politics of identity in post-conflict states: the Bosnian and Irish experience, eds. Éamonn Ó. Ciardha and Gabriela Vojvoda. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pond, Elizabeth. 2008. “The EU’s test in Kosovo”. Washington Quarterly 31(4): 97–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pula, Besnik. 2004. “The emergence of the Kosovo ‘parallel state’, 1988–1992”. Nationalities Papers 32(4): 797–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ramet, Sabrina P. 1999. Balkan Babel: the disintegration of Yugoslavia from the death of Tito to the war for Kosovo. Westview.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sigona, Nando, Avdula Dai Mustafa and Gazmen Salijevic. 2009. “Being Roma activists in post-independence Kosovo”. In Romani politics in contemporary Europe, eds. Nando Sigona and Nidhi Trehan. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegherr, Marc. 2011. “Crisis in Northern Kosovo: Serbia between Kosovo and European integration”. Revista Transilvana de Stiinte ale Comunicarii 3(14): 116–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strapacova, Michaela. 2016. “The reconciliation process in Kosovo: under the shadow of ethnic primordalist manipulation”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 18(1): 56–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • UNDP. 2011. “Mitrovicë/a public opinion survey—March 2011”. [http://www.kosovo.undp.org/repository/docs/Final-ENG-Mitrovica-Opinion-Poll.pdf].

  • van der Borgh, Chris. 2012. “Resisting international state building in Kosovo”. Problems of Post-Communism 59(2): 31–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van der Borgh, Chris and Laura Lasance. 2013. “Parallel governance and boundary strategies in Gracanica, Kosovo”. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 19(2): 187–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vickers, Miranda. 1998. Between Serb and Albanian: a history of Kosovo. Hurst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visoka, Gëzim. 2016. Shaping peace in Kosovo: the politics of peacebuilding and statehood. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visoka, Gëzim and John Doyle. 2016. “Neo-functional peace: the European Union way of resolving conflicts”. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 54(4): 862–877.

    Google Scholar 

  • Visoka, Gëzim and Oliver P. Richmond. 2016. “After liberal peace? from failed state-building to an emancipatory peace in Kosovo”. International Studies Perspectives 18(1): 110–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waller, Michael, Kyril Drezov and Bülent Gökay, eds. 2001. Kosovo: the politics of delusion. Frank Cass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yabanci, Bilge. 2016. “The (il)legitimacy of EU state building: local support and contention in Kosovo”. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 16(3): 1–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaum, Dominik. 2009. “The norms and politics of exit: ending postconflict transitional administrations”. Ethics & International Affairs 23(2): 189–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeqiri, Adrian and Sanja Lazarevic. 2014. “Bridging the divide: establishing a joint board for the city of Mitrovica”. European Centre for Minority Issues Kosovo, Policy Brief 1(1): 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zogiani, Avni and Lorik Bajrami. 2014. “Culture of impunity in Kosovo”. Forum 2015 Policy Brief Series: What Went Wrong? 13(1): 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zupančič, Rok. 2019. “EU peace-building in the north of Kosovo and psychosocial implications for the locals: a bottom up perspective on normative power Europe”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 21(5): 576–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Online Sources, News Articles, Videos, and Datasets

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Political Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

    Ivan Gusic

Authors
  1. Ivan Gusic
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivan Gusic .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Gusic, I. (2020). Contesting Postwar Mitrovica. In: Contesting Peace in the Postwar City. Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28091-8_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation