Abstract
This chapter is conceived to explore a broad range of situations in which contemporary contradictions towards science–society relationships are posing demands and opportunities for cognitive inclusion and knowledge democracy. Regardless of any case or dilemma discussed, I propose to raise epistemological issues and current debates about inherent complexity in association with practical experiences that can testify possibilities and real relevance for participatory research approaches. For that matter, it is necessary to browse from the simple to the complex, as from the local multilayered problems to global conditionings related to unsustainability. Such a frame makes necessary reflexive discussions on inter- and transdisciplinarity associated with post-normal problems, and then ecology of knowledge is presented as a convergent alternative with dialogical and participatory research. In the interplay of contemporary threats and science misuse, some evidence of oppression can be recognized. Moreover, the nature of ruptures among society in terms of knowledge and power possession can be related to extreme circumstances, sometimes at the basis of disasters of cognitive exclusion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Bartram, J., & Cairncross, S. (2010). Hygiene, sanitation, and water: Forgotten foundations of health. PLoS Medicine, 7, e1000367.
Bauman, Z. (1999). Modernidade e ambivalência. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
Benessia, A., & De Marchi, B. (2017). When the earth shakes… and science with it. The management and communication of uncertainty in the L’Aquila earthquake. Futures, 91, 35–45.
Berkes, F., Colding, J., & Folke, C. (2000). Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications, 10, 1251–1262.
Brown, P. (1992). Popular epidemiology and toxic waste contamination: Lay and professional ways of knowing. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 33, 267–281.
Brydon-Miller, M., Greenwood, D., & Maguire, P. (2003). Why action research? Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
Carrillo-Santisteve, P., & Lopalco, P. L. (2012). Measles still spreads in Europe: Who is responsible for the failure to vaccinate? Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18, 50–56.
Christopher, S., Watts, V., McCormick, A. K. H. G., & Young, S. (2008). Building and maintaining trust in a community-based participatory research partnership. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 1398.
Caldas M das GC. (2017). Vozes e silenciamento em Mariana: crime ou desastre ambiental. 2nd ed. BCCL/Unicamp, Campinas.
Dankel, D. J., Vaage, N. S., & van der Sluijs, J. P. (2017). Post-normal science in practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Davies, M., & Martin, T. (2009). Mining market cycles and tailings dam incidents. In 13th International Conference on Tailings and Mine Waste, Banff, AB. Retrieved from http://www.infomine.com/publications/docs/Davies2009.pdf
de Alvarenga, A., de Souza Alvarez, A., Sommerman, A., & Philippi, A., Jr. (2015). Capítulo 2 Interdisciplinaridade e transdisciplinaridade nas tramas da complexidade e desafios aos processos investigativos. In A. Philippi Jr. & V. Fernandes (Eds.), Práticas da interdisciplinaridade no ensino e pesquisa (pp. 37–89). Barueri: Manole.
de Freitas, C. M., de S. Porte, M. F., & Gomez, C. M. (1995). Acidentes químicos ampliados: um desafio para a saúde pública. Revista de Saúde Pública, 29, 503–514.
De Marchi, B., & Ravetz, J. R. (1999). Risk management and governance: a post-normal science approach. Futures, 31, 743–757.
de Sousa Santos, B. (2004). A universidade no século XXI: para uma reforma democrática e emancipatória da universidade. São Paulo: Cortez.
de Sousa Santos, B. (2007). Para além do pensamento abissal: das linhas globais a uma ecologia de saberes. Novos estudos-CEBRAP, 79, 71–94.
de Sousa Santos, B. (2009a). Una epistemología del sur: la reinvención del conocimiento y la emancipación social. México: CLACSO y Siglo XXI.
de Sousa Santos, B. (2009b). Um discurso sobre as ciências (6th ed.). São Paulo: Cortez.
de Toledo, R. F., & Giatti, L. L. (2014). Challenges to participation in action research. Health Promotion International, 30, 162–173.
de Toledo, R. F., Giatti, L. L., & Pelicioni, M. C. F. (2012). Mobilização Social em Saúde e Saneamento em Processo de Pesquisa-ação em uma Comunidade Indígena no Noroeste Amazônico. Saúde e Sociedade, 21, 206–218.
Folke, C., Carpenter, S. R., Walker, B., et al. (2010). Resilience thinking: Integrating resilience, adaptability and transformability. Ecology and Society, 15, 20.
Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge. Selected Interviews and Other Writings of Michel Foucault. New York: Pantheon Books.
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.; D. Macedo, introduction). 30th anniversary ed. New York: The Continuum International Publishing Group Inc.
Freitas, M., Alves, E., Santo, M., & Portella, S. (2016). O desastre da Samarco/VALE/BHP: Análise crítica de alguns discursos, racionalidades e percepções. Ciência e Cultura, 68, 51–56.
Funtowicz, S. O., & Ravetz, J. R. (1993). Science for the post-normal age. Futures, 25, 739–755.
Garcia, L. C., Ribeiro, D. B., Oliveira Roque, F., et al. (2017). Brazil’s worst mining disaster: Corporations must be compelled to pay the actual environmental costs. Ecological Applications, 27, 5–9.
Giatti, L. L. (2013). Uma contribuição à ciência pós-normal: aplicações e desafios da ampliação da comunidade de pares em contextos socioambientais e de saúde. São Paulo: Universidade de São Paulo.
Giatti, L. L. (2015). O paradigma da ciência pós-normal: participação social na produção de saberes e na governança socioambiental e da saúde. São Paulo: Annablume.
Giatti, L. L., Landin, R., & de Toledo, R. F. (2014). Aplicabilidade da ecologia de saberes em saúde e ambiente e sua permeabilidade na produção acadêmica. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 19, 4091–4102.
Giatti, L. L., Rocha, A. A., de Toledo, R. F., et al. (2007). Condições sanitárias e socioambientais em Iauaretê, área indígena em São Gabriel da Cachoeira, AM. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 12, 1711–1723. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232007000600032.
Gibbons, M. (1999). Science’s new social contract with society. Nature, 402, C81.
Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., et al. (1994). The new production of knowledge: The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Gluckman, P. (2014a). Evidence based policy: A quixotic challenge. Address given at the invitation of the science policy research unit. Brighton, UK: University of Sussex.
Gluckman, P. (2014b). The art of science advice to government. Nature, 507, 163–165.
Hall, B. (2015). Beyond epistemicide: Knowledge democracy and higher education. Available in: http://unescochair-cbrsr.org/unesco/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Beyond_Epistemicide_final.pdf (accessed 14 September 2019).
Hansson, S. O. (2017). Science denial as a form of pseudoscience. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 63, 39–47.
Hochman, G. (2011). Vacinação, varíola e uma cultura da imunização no Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 16, 375–386.
Hoffman, A. J. (2015). How culture shapes the climate change debate. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press.
Hulme, M. (2007). The appliance of science. The Guardian, 14, 9.
Israel, B. A., Schulz, A. J., Parker, E. A., & Becker, A. B. (2008). Critical issues in developing and following community-based participatory research principles. In M. Minkler & N. Wallerstein (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health (pp. 47–62). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Jacobi, P. R. (2015). Meio ambiente, riscos e aprendizagem social. Revista Cadernos de Pesquisa: Pensamento Educacional 10:346–364.
Jacques, P. J., Dunlap, R. E., & Freeman, M. (2008). The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism. Environmental Politics, 17, 349–385.
Jasanoff, S. (1988). The Bhopal disaster and the right to know. Social Science & Medicine, 27, 1113–1123.
Johnson, S. (2008). O mapa fantasma. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar.
Klinke, A., & Renn, O. (2012). Adaptive and integrative governance on risk and uncertainty. Journal of Risk Research, 15, 273–292.
Kuhn, T. A. (1992). A estrutura das revoluções científicas. Perspectiva: São Paulo.
Lang, D. J., Wiek, A., Bergmann, M., et al. (2012). Transdisciplinary research in sustainability science: Practice, principles, and challenges. Sustainability Science, 7, 25–43.
Leff, E. (2017). Power-knowledge relations in the field of political ecology. Ambiente & Sociedade, 20, 225–256.
Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 34–46.
Linkov, I., Trump, B. D., Anklam, E., et al. (2018). Comparative, collaborative, and integrative risk governance for emerging technologies. Environment Systems and Decisions, 38, 170–176.
List, D. (2006). Action research cycles for multiple futures perspectives. Futures, 38, 673–684.
Lucero, J. E., Wright, K. E., & Reese, A. (2017). Trust development in CBPR partnerships. In N. Wallerstein, B. Duran, J. G. Oetzel, & M. Minkler (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health: Advancing social and health equity (p. 61). Hoboken: Wiley.
Macaia, A. A. S., Takahashi, M. A. C., Maeda, S. T., et al. (2018). Laboratório de Mudança: uma metodologia formative, participative e sistêmica para criação e transformação de sistemas de atividade. In R. F. de Toledo et al. (Eds.), Pesquisa Participativa em Saúde: Vertentes e Veredas. São Paulo, Brasil: Instituto de Saúde.
Manoj, B. S., & Baker, A. H. (2007). Communication challenges in emergency response. Communications of the ACM, 50, 51–53.
Martins, B. S. (2016). Revisitando o desastre de Bhopal: os tempos da violência e as latitudes da memória. Sociologias, 18, 116–148.
Mayr, E. (2005). Biologia, ciência única. São Paulo: Editora Companhia das Letras.
Morin, E. (2010). Ciência com consciência (14th ed.). Bertrand: Rio de Janeiro.
Nederland, C., & Groupe, U. R. D. (2013). Reaching resilience: Handbook 2.0 for aid practitioners and policymakers in disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and poverty reduction. CARE Nederland.
Nowotny, H. (2004). The potential of transdisciplinarity. In H. Dunin-Woyseth & M. Nielsen (Eds.), Discussing transdisciplinarity: Making professions and the new mode of knowledge production, the Nordic reader (pp. 10–19). Oslo: Oslo School of Architecture.
Pachauri, R. K., Mayer, L., & Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Eds.). (2015). Climate change 2014: Synthesis report. Geneva: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Querol, M. A. P., Jackson Filho, J. M., & Cassandre, M. P. (2011). Change laboratory: uma proposta metodológica para pesquisa e desenvolvimento da Aprendizagem Organizacional. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 12, 609–640.
Ravetz, J. (2004). The post-normal science of precaution. Futures, 36, 347–357.
Raynaut, C. (2011). Interdisciplinaridade: mundo contemporâneo, complexidade e desafios à produção e à aplicação de conhecimentos. Interdisciplinaridade em ciência, tecnologia & inovação (pp. 143–208). Barueri: Manole.
Renn, O. (2008). Risk governance: Coping with uncertainty in a complex. World London: Earthscan Ltd.
San Sebastián, M., & Hurtig, A. K. (2005). Oil development and health in the Amazon basin of Ecuador: The popular epidemiology process. Social Science & Medicine, 60, 799–807.
Schatzki, T. (2015). Spaces of practices and of large social phenomena (p. 24). Montreal: Espaces Temps.
Snow, J. (1999). Sobre a maneira de transmissão do cólera.
Strand, R. (2017). Post-normal science. In Routledge Handbook of Ecological Economics (pp. 288–298). Abingdon: Routledge.
Thiollent, M. (2011). Metodologia da Pesquisa-Ação (18th ed.). São Paulo: Cortez.
Tsukahara, T. (2017). Commentary: New currents in science: The challenge of quality, examining the discrepancies and incongruities between Japanese techno-scientific policy and the citizens’ science movement in post-3/11 Japan. Futures, 91, 84–89.
Valencio, N. (2016). Elementos constitutivos de um desastre catastrófico: os problemas científicos por detrás dos contextos críticos. Ciência e Cultura, 68, 41–45.
Van den Hove, S. (2000). Participatory approaches to environmental policy-making: The European commission climate policy process as a case study. Ecological Economics, 33, 457–472.
Vormittag, E. D. M. P. A., Araujo, D., Oliveira, M. A. D., & Gleriano, J. S. (2018). Health evaluation of the Barra Longa population affected by the disaster in Mariana County. Ambiente & Sociedade, 21, e01222.
Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9, 5.
Wallerstein, N., & Duran, B. (2010). Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: the intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 100 Suppl 1, S40–S46.
Wallerstein, N., & Duran, B. (2017). Theoretical, historical, and practice roots of CBPR. In N. Wallerstein, B. Duran, J. G. Oetzel, & M. Minkler (Eds.), Community-based participatory research for health: Advancing social and health equity (p. 17). Hoboken: Wiley.
Wallerstein, N., Giatti, L. L., Bógus, C. M., et al. (2017). Shared participatory research principles and methodologies: Perspectives from the USA and Brazil—45 years after Paulo Freire’s “Pedagogy of the Oppressed”. Societies, 7, 6.
Wals, A. E. (2007). Social learning towards a sustainable world: Principles, perspectives, and praxis. Wageningen: Wageningen Academic.
Wanderley, L. J., Mansur, M. S., Milanez, B., & Pinto, R. G. (2016). Desastre da Samarco/Vale/BHP no Vale do Rio Doce: aspectos econômicos, políticos e socio ambientais. Ciência e Cultura, 68, 30–35.
Wildemeersch D (2007) Social learning revisited: Lessons learned from north and south. In Wildemeersch D, Wals AEJ Social learning towards a more sustainable world Wageningen University Press, Wageningen, 99–116.
Willey, R. J., Crowl, D. A., Lepkowski, W. (2005). The Bhopal tragedy: its influence on process and community safety as practiced in the United States. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries 18:365–374.
World Health Organization—WHO. (2018). Europe observes a 4-fold increase in measles cases in 2017 compared to previous year (p. 6). Geneva: World Health Organization.
Xavier, L. Y., Jacobi, P. R., Turra, A. (2018). On the advantages of working together: Social Learning and knowledge integration in the management of marine areas. Marine Policy 88:139–150.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Giatti, L.L. (2019). Insights from the Contemporary Contradictions in Science–Society Relationship. In: Participatory Research in the Post-Normal Age. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27924-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27924-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27923-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27924-0
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)