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Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics pp 159–179Cite as

Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)

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Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are just projected as the cancer triggering cells in charge of both tumor genesis and cancer resistance. While the theory of CSCs originates from that of normal stem cells, CSC is not necessarily aberrant counterparts of normal stem cells. CSCs can be the origin of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) which are releasing from tumor and shed into the vasculature or lymphatic. CTC and CSC are suggested as tools for recognition and classification of disease and individualization of therapy in patients with many solid tumors. In fact, the genetic and epigenetic of CSCs are different from both normal stem cells and tumoral cells. In order to find the best discriminating differences and basic tumor genesis pathway we should know the comprehensive profile of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. Over the last decade, key advancements in omic have assisted high-throughput monitoring of a diversity of molecular and organismal processes. To date, a variety of software have been developed to make effective integration of OMICS-based analyses of several solid tumors to the new targeted cancer therapies. In this chapter we have discussed the CSCs, CTCs from OMICS perspectives.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    CD44+CD24−/low Lineage−: A subpopulation of breast cancer isolated based on flow cytometry and cell surface antigens.

  2. 2.

    JAK-STAT signaling pathway: Janus kinases (JAKs), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins.

  3. 3.

    Hox genes: A subset of homeotic genes are a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the head–tail axis.

  4. 4.

    PBX: Pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor.

  5. 5.

    MEIS: Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 homolog.

  6. 6.

    GATA2: GATA binding protein 2.

  7. 7.

    MEST: Mesoderm specific transcript homolog.

  8. 8.

    DAVID: The database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery.

  9. 9.

    KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.

  10. 10.

    Yamanaka factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc as the highly expressed protein in embryonic stem (ES) cells inducing pluripotency in both mouse and human somatic cells and regulating the developmental signaling network necessary for ES cell pluripotency.

  11. 11.

    Organoid: Tiny, self-organized three-dimensional tissue cultures that are derived from stem cells.

  12. 12.

    CNS: Central nervous system.

  13. 13.

    Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, involves multiple steps of mass spectrometry selection, with some form of fragmentation occurring in between the stages.

  14. 14.

    DZNep: Deazaneplanocin A, histone methyltransferase inhibitor.

  15. 15.

    Methylome: The set of nucleic acid methylation modifications in an organism’s genome or in a particular cell.

  16. 16.

    iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Khatami

  2. Department of Pathology, Dr. Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Seyed Mohammad Tavangar

  3. Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Navaz Karimian Pour

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  1. Fatemeh Khatami
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  2. Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
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  3. Navaz Karimian Pour
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Correspondence to Fatemeh Khatami .

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  1. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand

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Khatami, F., Tavangar, S.M., Pour, N.K. (2019). Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs). In: Arjmand, B. (eds) Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27727-7_9

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