Development of Porous Matrices as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Rheological and Microstructural Characterization

Abstract

The goal of tissue engineering is to repair damaged tissues. It is based on three important factors: cells, growth factors and scaffolds. The scaffolds are porous matrices which serve as a platform for cell adhesion and offer the ideal environment for the release of cells and so, their growth. In addition, the scaffold must keep its integrity until the tissue formed has suitable mechanical properties. Among the possible materials used for the development of scaffolds, two biopolymers can be highlighted: a protein such as collagen and a polysaccharide such as chitosan, which provide enormous biocompatibility. One of the challenges in these scaffolds is to provide the appropriate rheological properties during their use. To achieve it, an additional crosslinking process is carried out, to produce bonds between different biopolymer chains. These bonds can be produced in two different ways: chemical and enzymatic pathways. The results show that it is possible to develop scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and optimal porosity by modifying the initial composition used.