Skip to main content

Open Data Ecosystems: A Comparison of Visual Models

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective (EGOVIS 2019)

Abstract

The practice of open (public) data (OD) is usually interpreted in the context of open government initiatives. Public data may be opened up for the reason of transparency in support of accountability or with the intent to allow for innovative re-use in value added services. To investigate the resulting complex setting of OD researchers often use the ecosystem metaphor. This approach is based on theories of biology and ecology and over the years the ecosystem view of OD has become the dominant model underlying discussions. The research reported in this paper has been set out with the goal of collecting and analysing the various open data visual models that had appeared in relevant literature. Results of a systematic comparison and categorization indicate that while there have been many papers published utilizing ecosystem as a model to investigate the OD phenomena, there is no common way of how to represent entities and relationships of such an ecosystem in a visual model. The final goal is to to prepare the ground for an open data ecosystem model visual notation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Backx, M.: Gebouwen redden levens. Toegankelijkheidseisen van gebouwgegevens in het kader van de openbare orde en veiligheid. Unpublished MSc thesis. TU Delft, (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barthélemy, F.: The Belgian open data ecosystem and innovation through open data, MSc Thesis, Université catholique de Louvain (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boley, H., Chang, E.: Digital ecosystems: principles and semantics. In: 2007 Inaugural IEEE-IES Digital EcoSystems and Technologies Conference, pp. 398–403. IEEE (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chun, S.A., Shulman, S., Sandoval, R., Hovy, E.: Government 2.0: making connections between Citizens, data government. Inf. Polity 15(1–2), 1–9 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Crusoe, J.: Open data ecosystem: the data market between municipalities and businesses. MSc Thesis, Linköping University (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Davenport, T.H., Prusak, L.: Information Ecology: Mastering the Information and Knowledge Environment. Oxford University Press on Demand, Oxford (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Davies, T.: Open data: infrastructures and ecosystems. Open Data Res. (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Dawes, S.S., Helbig, N.: Information Strategies for open government: challenges and prospects for deriving public value from government transparency. In: Wimmer, M.A., Chappelet, J.-L., Janssen, M., Scholl, H.J. (eds.) EGOV 2010. LNCS, vol. 6228, pp. 50–60. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14799-9_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  9. Dawes, S.S., Vidiasova, L., Parkhimovich, O.: Planning and designing open government data programs: an ecosystem approach. Gov. Inf. Q. 33(1), 15–27 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Deloitte, A.: Open Data – Driving Growth, Ingenuity and Innovation. A Deloitte Analytics White Paper, Deloitte, UK (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Deloitte, A.: Open Growth - Stimulating Demand for Open Data in the UK. A Briefing Note from Deloitte Analytics, Deloitte, UK (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Dickinson, A.: The pull of Open Data, how easy is to extract value from open data and open gov. data? (2016). https://medium.com/@digidickinson/the-pullof-open-data-ef9c35be922

  13. Ding, L., et al.: TWC LOGD: a portal for linked open government data ecosystems. Web Semant.: Sci. Serv. Agents World Wide Web 9(3), 325–333 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Fedorowicz, J., Gogan, J.L., Ray, A.W.: The ecology of interorganizational information sharing. J. Int. Inf. Manag. 13(2), 73–85 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gama, K., Lóscio, B.F.: Towards ecosystems based on open data as a service. In: ICEIS, no. 2, pp. 659–664 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Harrison, T.M., Pardo, T.A., Cook, M.: Creating open government ecosystems: a research and development agenda. Future Internet 4(4), 900–928 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Henfridsson, O., Bygstad, B.: The generative mechanisms of digital infrastructure evolution. MIS Q. 37(3), 907–931 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Immonen, A., Palviainen, M., Ovaska, E.: Requirements of an open data based business ecosystem. IEEE Access 2, 88–103 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Immonen, A., Ovaska, E., Kalaoja, J., Pakkala, D.: A service requirements engineering method for a digital service ecosystem. Serv. Oriented Comput. Appl. 10(2), 151–172 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Immonen, A., Ovaska, E., Paaso, T.: Towards certified open data in digital service ecosystems. Softw. Qual. J. 26(4), 1257–1297 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Janssen, K.: Open government data and the right to information: opportunities and obstacles. J. Community Inform. 8(2) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Jetzek, T., Avital, M., Bjorn-Andersen, N.: Data-driven innovation through open government data. J. Theor. Appl. Electron. Commer. Res. 9(2), 100–120 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kitsios, F., Papachristos, N., Kamariotou, M.: Business models for open data ecosystem: challenges and motivations for entrepreneurship and innovation. In: Proceedings of 19th IEEE International Conference on Business Informatics, pp. 398–408 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kuk, G., Davies, T.: The roles of agency and artifacts in assembling open data complementarities. In: 32nd International Conference on Information Systems, Shanghai (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Liberati, A., et al.: The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 6(7), e1000100 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Lindman, J., Kinnari, T., Rossi, M.: Business roles in the emerging open-data ecosystem. IEEE Softw. 33(5), 54–59 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Martin, S., Turki, S., Renault, S.: Open Data Ecosystems. In: Kő, A., Francesconi, E. (eds.) EGOVIS 2017. LNCS, vol. 10441, pp. 49–63. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64248-2_5

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  28. McLeod, M., McNaughton, M.: A methodological approach for understanding an emergent Caribbean Open Data eco-system. In: Open Data Research Symposium, Paper 54 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Najafabadi, M., Luna-Reyes, L.: Open government data ecosystems: a closed-loop perspective. In: 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, pp. 2711–2720 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Nardi, B.A., O’day, V.: Information Ecologies – Using Technology with Heart, Chapter 4, pp. 49–57, MIT Press, Cambridge (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  31. OKF - Open Knowledge Foundation. Open Knowledge Definition (2006). http://www.opendefinition.org/. Accessed 17 Sept 2017

  32. Parsons, M.A., et al.: A conceptual framework for managing very diverse data for complex, interdisciplinary science. J. Inf. Sci. 37(6), 555–569 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Peltoniemi, M.: Business ecosystem: a conceptual model of an organisation population from the perspectives of complexity and evolution. Research Reports 18, Tampere (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ponte, D.: Enabling an open data ecosystem: preliminary findings from the market. In: ECIS 2015 Paper 55 at http://aisel.aisnet.org/ecis2015_rip/55 (2015)

  35. Rajabifard, A., Feeney, M.-E.F., Williamson, I.P.: Directions for the future of SDI development. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinformation 4(1), 11–22 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Sandoval-Almazán, R., Luna-Reyes, L.F., Luna-Reyes, D.E., Gil-Garcia, J.R., et al.: Building Digital Government Strategies: Principles and Practices. Springer, Heidelberg (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60348-3

    Book  Google Scholar 

  37. Sangiambut, S.: Geospatial open data: reshaping citizens and governments, roles and interactions, Ph.D. diss., McGill University (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Shehzad, M.: Open data initiatives: understanding management in an uncertain ecosystem, MSc Thesis, Umea Universitet (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Styrin, E., Luna-Reyes, L.F., Harrison, T.M.: Open data ecosystems: an international comparison. Transform. Gov.: People Process Policy 11(1), 132–156 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Taylor, M., Welsh, A., Whatley, A.: Leveraging data and tech for healthy, equitable, sustainable communities (2015). http://www.networkimpact.org/leveragingtech/

  41. Turki, S., Foulonneau, M.: Valorisation des données ouvertes: acteurs, enjeux et modèles d’affaires. In: Big Data-Open Data: Quelles valeurs? Quels enjeux? pp. 113–125. De Boeck Supérieur (2015)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  42. Van Schalkwyk, F., Caňares, M., Chattapadhyay, S., Andrason, A.: Open data intermediaries in developing countries. Step Up Consulting Services, Canada (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Van Schalkwyk, F., Willmers, M., McNaughton, M.: Viscous open data: the roles of intermediaries in an open data ecosystem. Inf. Tech. Dev. 22(s1), 68–83 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Van Schalkwyk, F., Verhulst, S.G., Magalhaes, G., Pane, J., Walker, J.: The Social Dynamics of Open Data. African Minds, Cape Town (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  45. vom Brocke, J., Simons, A., Niehaves, B., Riemer, K., Plattfaut, R., Cleven, A.: Reconstructing the giant: on the importance of rigour in documenting the literature search process. In: Proceedings of ECIS 2009, Paper 161 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Zubcoff, J.J., Vaquer, L., Mazón, J.-N., Maciá, F., Garrigós, I.: The university as an open data ecosystem. Int. J. Design Nat. Ecodyn. 11(3), 250–257 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., Davis, C.: Innovation with open data: essential elements of open data ecosystems. Inf. Polity 19(1, 2), 17–33 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

Project no. NKFIH-869-4/2019 has been implemented with the support provided from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary, financed under the 2019 Domain Excellence Fund scheme.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Csaba Csáki .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Csáki, C. (2019). Open Data Ecosystems: A Comparison of Visual Models. In: Kő, A., Francesconi, E., Anderst-Kotsis, G., Tjoa, A., Khalil, I. (eds) Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective. EGOVIS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11709. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27523-5_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27523-5_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27522-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27523-5

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics