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Representation and Signification of Primates in Maya-Q’eqchi’ Cosmovision and Implications for Their Conservation in Northwestern Guatemala

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Neotropical Ethnoprimatology

Part of the book series: Ethnobiology ((EBL))

Abstract

Since 2002, we have studied the representation and signification of primates (A. pigra and A. geoffroyi vellerosus) in Q’eqchi’ Mayan culture and cosmovision in the northwest of the Ancestral Rainforest Landscape of Guatemala, through semi-structured interviews and participation in traditional ceremonies and celebrations. We have identified different spiritual, cultural, and social interaction codes, symbolisms, and practices of pre-Hispanic Mayan origin that synergistically promote and directly benefit primate conservation at the community and regional level. Primates have a sacred value for local people as ancestors and divine mediators and in guiding personal and community life. They also constitute powerful symbols of identity and cultural resistance immersed in Q’eqchi’ Mayan art, lineages, and verbal communication. These key aspects and roles of primates, together with being perceived as good and harmless animals, are implicit cultural values and ethical codes embedded in the Q’eqchi’ Mayan collective unconscious that translate into positive attitudes and actions that strongly limit their hunting and favor habitat conservation. Local people have voluntarily protected and allowed growth of secondary forest remnants for primates to survive in their lands. They also make agricultural decisions by considering which forests are inhabited by primate troops, often deciding to not cut them down. They also plant native fruit trees so primates have more food and remain in their lands. We hope that our participatory conservation experience inspires and motivates other researchers and decision-makers to learn from indigenous peoples’ cosmovision to conserve endangered primates and landscapes from a more holistic, inclusive, and effective perspective in Latin America.

Resumen

Desde el 2002, hemos investigado de la representación y significación de los primates (A. pigra y A. geoffroyi vellerosus) en la cultura y cosmovisión Maya-Q’eqchi’ en el noroeste del Paisaje de los Bosques Lluviosos Ancestrales de Guatemala, a través de entrevistas semi-estructuradas y convivencias en ceremonias y celebraciones tradicionales. Hemos identificado distintos códigos, simbolismos y prácticas espirituales, culturales y de articulación social de origen Maya prehispánico que sinérgicamente promueven y benefician directamente a la conservación de los primates a nivel comunitario y regional. Los primates poseen un valor sagrado para los habitantes locales como antepasados, mediadores divinos y guías de la vida personal y comunitaria. También constituyen poderosos símbolos de identidad y resistencia cultural inmersos en el arte tradicional, linajes y comunicación verbal del pueblo Maya-Q’eqchi’. Estos aspectos clave y roles clave de los primates aunados a que son percibidos como animales buenos e inofensivos son valores culturales y códigos de ética implícitos en el inconsciente colectivo Maya-Q’eqchi’ que se traducen en actitudes y acciones positivas que limitan fuertemente su cacería y favorecen la conservación de su hábitat. Los habitantes locales han mantenido y dejado crecer voluntariamente remanentes de bosque secundario para que los primates puedan sobrevivir en sus tierras. También toman decisiones agrícolas considerando en que remanentes de bosques secundarios habitan tropas de primates y usualmente deciden no talar el bosque o no talar parte de él. Además, siembran árboles frutales nativos para que los primates tengan más alimento y permanezcan en sus tierras. Esperamos que nuestra experiencia de conservación participativa, inspire y motive a otros investigadores y tomadores de decisiones a aprender de la cosmovisión de los pueblos indígenas para abordar la conservación de los primates y paisajes amenazados desde una más perspectiva holística, inclusiva y efectiva en América Latina.

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Acknowledgments

We thank our partners and collaborators, the US Fish and Wildlife Service; Whitley Fund for Nature; Conservation, Food & Health Foundation; and Idea Wild, for the long-term support to carry out and strengthen our community-based environmental education, cultural revalorization, ecological monitoring, and wildlife conservation programs. We especially thank our Q’eqchi’ Mayan friends, teachers, guides, and neighbors for their trust, wisdom, training, and community living during all these years and for the unconditional support provided to the conservation and management processes we have jointly created for the present and future well-being of communities and Mother Nature in the Ancestral Rainforest Landscape of Guatemala. We are grateful to Ani Youatt Cuevas and Andrea Grosse for the helpful review provided for this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Marleny Rosales-Meda .

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Rosales-Meda, M., Hermes, M.S. (2020). Representation and Signification of Primates in Maya-Q’eqchi’ Cosmovision and Implications for Their Conservation in Northwestern Guatemala. In: Urbani, B., Lizarralde, M. (eds) Neotropical Ethnoprimatology. Ethnobiology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27504-4_4

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