Abstract
In general, ocular pharmacokinetics have two routes, permeation and direct delivery [1–7].
In general, ocular pharmacokinetics have two routes, permeation and direct delivery [1,2,3,4,5,6,7].
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Permeation:
There are different mechanisms of permeation including:
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Transcorneal permeation from the lacrimal fluid into the anterior chamber.
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Non-corneal drug permeation across the conjunctiva and sclera into the anterior uveal tract.
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Drug distribution from the bloodstream via the blood-aqueous barrier into the anterior chamber.
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Drug elimination from the anterior chamber by the aqueous humor turnover to the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal.
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Drug elimination from the aqueous humor into the systemic circulation across the blood-aqueous barrier.
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Drug distribution from the blood into the posterior eye across the blood-retina barrier.
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Drug elimination from the vitreous via the posterior route across the blood-retina barrier.
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Drug elimination from the vitreous via the anterior route to the posterior chamber.
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Direct delivery:
There are two routes of the direct delivery of medications into intraocular structures:
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Intravitreal drug administration.
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Intracameral drug administration.
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Alghamdi, E.A.S., Al Qahtani, A.Y., Sinjab, M.M., Alyahya, K.M. (2020). Ocular Pharmacokinetics. In: Extemporaneous Ophthalmic Preparations. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27492-4_1
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