Abstract
Antonio Gramsci, the founder of the Italian Communist Party, paid the greatest attention to the Protestant Reformation. However, unlike Engels and Kautsky, he does not focus on Thomas Müntzer and the Anabaptists, but on Luther and Calvin. For Gramsci, the Protestant Reformation is a truly national-popular movement that is able to mobilize the masses. It is a paradigm for the great “moral and intellectual reform” that Marxism wants to accomplish. The Reformation in Gramsci is the philosophy of praxis—a philosophy that is also politics and politics that is also a philosophy. While Kautsky, living in Protestant Germany, idealized the Italian Renaissance, and despised the Reformation as “barbarian,” Gramsci, the Italian Marxist, praised Luther and Calvin and denounced Renaissance as an aristocratic and reactionary movement.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Gramsci seemed also interested, in the early 20s, by the peasant movement led by a leftist Catholic, G. Miglioli. See, on this, the remarkable book by Rafael Diaz-Salazar (1991), El Proyecto de Gramsci, pp. 96–97.
- 2.
In this context, Gramsci refers to a 1914 discussion between Leon Trotsky and Tomáš Masaryk on the need for a Protestant Reformation in Russia.
References
Diaz-Salazar, Rafael. 1991. El Proyecto de Gramsci. Barcelona: Anthropos.
Engels, Friedrich. 1850. Peasant Wars in Germany. Frankfurt am Main, Neue Rheinische Zeitung. Politisch-ökonomische Revue.
Gramsci, Antonio. 1955. Note sur Machiavelli. Torino: Einaudi.
———. 1958 (1916). Carlo Péguy ed Ernesto Psichari. In Scritti Giovanili 1914–1918. Torino: Einaudi.
———. 1966. II Risorgimento. Torino: Einaudi.
———. 1971a. Selections from the Prison Notebooks, ed. Quintin Hoare and G. Nowell Smith. London: New Left Books.
———. 1971b. Il Materialism Storico. Rome: Editori Riuniti.
———. 1972 (1916). Los movimientos y Coppoleto. In Sotto la Mole. Torino: Einaudi.
———. 1977. Quaderni, del Carcere. Torino: Einaudi.
Kautsky, Karl. 1890. Thomas More und seine Utopie. Stuttgart: Dietz Verlag.
Marx, Karl. 1844. Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. In Marx, Karl. 1960. Werke. Berlin: Dietz Verlag.
Marx, Karl, and Freidrich Engels. 1960. Zur Kritik der hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie. In Werke, 1. Berlín: Dietz Verlag.
Montanari, Marcello. 1987. Razionalita e tragicita del moderno in Gramsci e Weber. Critica Marxista 25: 47–71.
Weber, Max. 1920. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. Tübingen: JCB Mohr.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Löwy, M. (2019). Antonio Gramsci, A Marxist Admirer of the Protestant Reformation. In: Namli, E. (eds) Future(s) of the Revolution and the Reformation. Radical Theologies and Philosophies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27304-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27304-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27303-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27304-0
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)