Abstract
Direct cholangioscopy involves the insertion of a standard upper endoscope into the bile duct. Despite being reported in 1977 the technique did not become popular owing to the technical difficulties associated with direct biliary intubation with a forward-viewing endoscope. There has been recent interest in this technique owing to the popularity of single operator cholangioscopy. Bigger suction and accessory channels with upper endoscopes are an additional and significant advantage over single operator cholangioscopy.
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Menon, S., Lekharaju, V., Wadsworth, C., Dwyer, L., Sturgess, R. (2020). Direct Cholangioscopy. In: Cholangioscopy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27261-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27261-6_4
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