The Revision Process in Convocation, 1906–1920

Cruickshank, Dan D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27130-5_2

Dan D. Cruickshank⁴

Part of the book series: Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World ((CTAW))

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Abstract

This chapter examines the revision debates that took place in the Convocations of the Church of England from 1906 to 1920, demonstrating how the majority of the revision of the Prayer Book was completed in the 1910s. It challenges views that link a ‘Catholicisation’ of the Church of England to the experience of the First World War, demonstrating that much of the ‘catholicising’ elements of revision were agreed before the war. It also demonstrates that the delay to the revision process during the war was a result of the creation of the National Assembly of the Church of England, and shows the direct link between the revision process and the creation of a mode of self-governance with the conception of the National Assembly.

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Notes

1.
R.C.D. Jasper, The Development of the Anglican Liturgy, 1662 –1980 (London: SPCK, 1989).
2.
Ibid., 89. Jasper does consider some of the debates, but not in a systematic manner, instead providing a brief overview that distorts the thoroughness of the debates and their conclusions.
3.
For the work done by the Commission and the evidence they gathered, see: Dan Cruickshank, From the Sublime to the Ridiculous: Ritualism and Anglo-Catholicism in the Evidence of the Royal Commission into Ecclesiastical Discipline, 1904–6 (London: Anglo-Catholic History Society, 2018).
4.
A. Elliott Peaston, The Prayer Book Revisions of the Victorian Evangelicals (Dublin: A.P.C.K., 1963).
5.
John Maiden, “The Prayer Book Controversy,” in The Oxford Handbook of the Oxford Movement, ed. Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 532.
6.
Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline: Report of the Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1906), 53.
7.
Ibid., 76.
8.
The material discussed in this section is explored in greater detail in Dan D. Cruickshank, “Debating the Legal Status of the Ornaments Rubric: Ritualism and Royal Commissions in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century England”, Studies in Church History 56 (2020) [in press].
9.
Nigel Yates, Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain, 1830–1910 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 379.
10.
“The Report of the Commission: By Quartas,” The Manchester Guardian, July 5, 1906.
11.
Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline: Report, 77.
12.
G.K.A. Bell, Randall Davidson: Archbishop of Canterbury, Third Edition (London: Oxford University Press, 1952), 648.
13.
Ibid.
14.
Ibid.
15.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Edvardo Septimo Regnante, In the Sessions of February 14, 20, 21, 22, 23; May 1, 2, 3, 4; July 3, 4; and November 13, 14, 1906 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1906), 333.
16.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 88.
17.
Chronicle of Convocation 1906, 333.
18.
Ibid.
19.
Davidson to Philip Eliot, 3 October 1906; Davidson Papers, vol. 75, fol. 175.
20.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 88–89.
21.
Chronicle of Convocation 1906, 336.
22.
Ibid., 336–337.
23.
John G. Maiden, National Religion and the Prayer Book Controversy, 1927–1928 (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2009), 33.
24.
“The New Archbishop: A Detailed Protest by Mr. Kensit,” The Manchester Guardian, January 21, 1909.
25.
Maiden, National Religion, 33.
26.
Daniel Eppley, “Royal Supremacy,” in A Companion to Richard Hooker, ed. Torrance Kirby (Leiden: Brill, 2008), 524.
27.
Strong, “Anglicanism and the State in the Nineteenth Century,” 97–98 and Cruickshank, “Debating the Legal Status of the Ornaments Rubric”.
28.
Edward Charles Wickham, Revision of Rubrics: Its Purpose and Principles, Prayer-Book Revision Series, Three (London: James Nisbet & Co., 1910), 12.
29.
For an overview of the history of the Ornaments Rubric in Ritualist thought see Cruickshank, “Debating the Legal Status of the Ornaments Rubric”.
30.
Royal Commission on Ecclesiastical Discipline: Report, 75–76.
31.
W.J. Sparrow Simpson, The Use of Vestments in the English Church (London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1909), 14.
32.
The Ridsdale judgment of the Privy Council in 1877 had found that the use of a Eucharistic Vestment was illegal, see James Bentley, Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain: The Attempt to Legislate for Belief (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1978), 97–99.
33.
Simpson, The Use of Vestments in the English Church, 14.
34.
Cruickshank, “Debating the Legal Status of the Ornaments Rubric”.
35.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of November 22nd, 1906, and February 27th and 28th, 1907 (York: John Sampson, 1907), 5.
36.
Ibid.
37.
Ibid., 6.
38.
Strong, “Anglicanism and the State in the Nineteenth Century,” 111.
39.
Owen Chadwick, The Victorian Church, Second Edition, Part II (London: Adam & Charles Black, 1972), 364.
40.
Ibid., 365.
41.
Bell, Davidson, 653.
42.
This is also reflected in the numbering system used for the reports to the Houses. Each House had their own system. In Canterbury both Houses used a chronological numbering system, based on when a report was first presented to the House, but each system was independent. For example the Lower House could have Report 447 presented to it in the same month as the Upper House would have Report 407 presented to it. This would show that the Lower House had just received its 447th report, and the Upper House its 407th; both Houses were using the same system, but independently. In York Houses just tended to use titles, so a report would not have a reference number, but be known as ‘Report of Committee X to House Y’. Differences were also evident in how the Convocations published their proceedings. York would print reports as appendixes to the proceedings, whereas Canterbury would print the reports as separate publications that would then sometimes be attached to the proceedings they related to, but often were not published at all.
43.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 22nd and 23rd, 1910 (York: John Sampson, 1910), 5.
44.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 89.
45.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Edvardo Septimo Regnante, In the Sessions of February 14, 15; April 30, May 1, 2; July 2, 3, 1907 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1907), 71.
46.
Ibid.
47.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 25th and 26th, and July 5th, 1910 (York: John Sampson, 1910), cxxxvii.
48.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Edvardo Septimo Regnante, In the Sessions of February 4, 5, 6, and May 5 and 6, 1908 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1908), 29.
49.
Ibid.
50.
Ibid., 33. The report here was aping the theological proverb, often attributed to Luther, “justificatio est articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesiae” [Justification is the article by which the Church stands and falls].
51.
The Advertisements of 1566 were an attempt by Archbishop Parker, on the orders of Elizabeth I, to create more uniformity across the Elizabethan Church. They provided clearer rules for what vestments clergy could wear during Eucharistic services (limited to a stole in an ordinary parish and a cope in Cathedrals) than the Ornaments Rubric had. See Peter Marshall, Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2017), 472–473.
52.
Chronicle of Convocation 1908, 31.
53.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 20th and 21st, 1908 (York: John Sampson, 1908), lv.
54.
Ibid., lvi.
55.
Ibid.
56.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 90.
57.
Ibid.
58.
York Journal of Convocation May and July 1910, 192.
59.
Ibid.
60.
Ibid., cxxxvii.
61.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 8th, 9th and 10th, 1912 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1912), 195.
62.
Ibid.
63.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The First Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of November 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1910 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1910), 287.
64.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 99.
65.
Chronicle of Convocation November 1910, 326.
66.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 15th and 16th, 1912 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1912), 6.
67.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 18th and 19th, 1911 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1911), 213–214.
68.
Peter Wickins, Victorian Protestantism and Bloody Mary: The Legacy of Religious Persecution in Tudor England (Bury St. Edmunds: Arena Books, 2012), 11.
69.
Will Adam, Legal Flexibility and the Mission of the Church: Dispensation and Economy in Ecclesiastical Law (Farnham and Burlington: Ashgate, 2011), 115.
70.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 17th and 18th, 1909 (York: John Sampson, 1909), xxi.
71.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The First Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of May 2, 3, 4, and 5, 1911 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1911), 201.
72.
Ibid.
73.
Ibid.
74.
Ibid., 204–205.
75.
Ibid., 209–210.
76.
Ibid., 212.
77.
Ibid., 201.
78.
Convocation of Canterbury. Upper House., No. 481. Report of the House on the Answer to Be Returned to the Royal Letters of Business (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1914), 32.
79.
Bell, Davidson, 805.
80.
Ibid.
81.
Ibid., 806.
82.
Bishops’ Meeting 5, 261–262.
83.
Ibid., 262.
84.
Ibid.
85.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of February 17, 18, 19 and 20, 1914 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1914), 189.
86.
Ibid., 189–190.
87.
Ibid., 201.
88.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 18th and 19th, 1914 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1914), 87.
89.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 6th and 7th, 1914 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1914), 115.
90.
Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life, Revised Edition (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 2016), 414.
91.
James Kirby, Historians and the Church of England: Religion and Historical Scholarship, 1870–1920 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 168.
92.
In reality the 1637 Scottish Communion Office was the same as 1552 but with prayer of oblation placed back into the prayer of consecration and the 1549 words of administration.
93.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The First Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of July 4, 5, 6, and 7, 1911 (London: National Society’s Depository, 1911), 343.
94.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of April 23rd and 24th, 1913 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1913), 168.
95.
Convocation of Canterbury. Lower House, Committee on the Royal Letters of Business, No. 480. Modifications on the Existing Law Relating to the Conduct of Divine Services (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1914).
96.
Ibid., 10–11.
97.
Chronicle of Convocation February 1914, 152.
98.
Ibid.
99.
This conjecture points to a wider problem of knowing what historical services looked like. As this study shows, being able to say that congregations adhered to one standard Prayer Book does not mean that their services all used that liturgy in the same way, or adhered to all its rubrics. Our best knowledge of services in this period is from the evidence given to the Royal Commission into Ecclesiastical Discipline (1904–1906) and this can be useful in demonstrating how widespread certain practices seen as Ritualists in the nineteenth century were at the beginning of the twentieth (Cruickshank, From the Sublime to the Ridiculous). Even with this information it remains hard to create an image of what the average service in the Church of England looked like at the beginning of the twentieth century.
100.
Chronicle of Convocation February 1914, 154.
101.
Ibid., 158.
102.
Ibid.
103.
Ibid., 161.
104.
Maiden, National Religion, 29.
105.
Ibid., 31.
106.
J.D. Martell, “The Prayer Book Controversy 1927–28” (MA Thesis: Durham University, 1974), 21.
107.
Bell, Davidson, 799.
108.
Ibid., 800.
109.
Ibid.
110.
Ibid.
111.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of April 27, 28, 29 and 30, 1915 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1915), 207.
112.
Michael Snape, God and the British Soldier: Religion and the British Army in the First and Second World War (Abingdon: Routledge, 2005), 42.
113.
Ibid., 30–31.
114.
J.M. Winter, “Spiritualism and the First World War,” in Religion and Irreligion in Victorian Society: Essays in Honor of R.K. Webb, ed. R.W. Davis and R.J. Helmstadter (Abingdon: Routledge, 1992), 191.
115.
Edward Madigan, Faith Under Fire: Anglican Army Chaplains and the Great War (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 162.
116.
Ibid., 163.
117.
Alan Wilkinson, The Church of England and the First World War (London: SPCK, 1978), 71.
118.
Albert Marrin, The Last Crusade: The Church of England in the First World War (Durham: Duke University Press, 1974), 210.
119.
See: David M. Thompson, “War, The Nation, and the Kingdom of God: The Origins of the National Mission of Repentance and Hope, 1915–16,” Studies in Church History 20 (1983).
120.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of April 28th & 29th, and July 21st & 22nd, 1915 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1915), 161.
121.
Ibid.
122.
Ibid.
123.
Ibid.
124.
Ibid., 162.
125.
Ibid.
126.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 90.
127.
York Journal of Convocation April and July 1915, 163.
128.
Ibid., 167.
129.
Ibid.
130.
Ibid., 169.
131.
Ibid., 171.
132.
Convocation of Canterbury. Joint Committee on the Royal Letters of Business, No. 487. Report of the Joint Committee (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1915).
133.
Ibid., 4.
134.
Ibid., 12–13.
135.
Ibid., 28.
136.
Ibid., 42.
137.
No. 302. Report of the Joint Committee of the Two Houses of the Convocation of York, Appointed to Prepare and Report to the Houses of Convocation the Suggested Answer to the Royal Letters of Business (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1915).
138.
Ibid., xli.
139.
Ibid., xliii.
140.
Ibid., xxv.
141.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 10th and 11th, 1915 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1915), 46.
142.
Ibid., 67.
143.
York Journal of Convocation April and July 1915, 316.
144.
Chronicle of Convocation April 1915, 293.
145.
Ibid.
146.
Ibid., 295.
147.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of February 15, 16, 17 and 18, 1916 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1916), 9.
148.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of November 24th, 1915, and February 16th and 17th, 1916 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1916), 66.
149.
Ibid., 110–128.
150.
Ibid., 138.
151.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of February 5, 6, 7 and 8, 1918 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1918), 137.
152.
Ibid., 139–140.
153.
Ibid., 140.
154.
Ibid.
155.
Ibid., 141.
156.
Ibid., 143.
157.
Ibid., 147.
158.
Ibid., 165.
159.
Adam, Legal Flexibility, 120.
160.
Jasper, Anglican Liturgy, 102–103.
161.
Ibid., 103.
162.
Yates, Anglican Ritualism, 344.
163.
Maiden, National Religion, 31.
164.
Ibid.
165.
Bell, Davidson, 806.
166.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of February 8 and 9, 1917 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1917), 81.
167.
Ibid.
168.
Ibid.
169.
Ibid., 84.
170.
Ibid., 84–85.
171.
Ibid., 86.
172.
Ibid.
173.
Ibid., 90.
174.
Bell, Davidson, 806–808.
175.
Ibid., 806.
176.
Ibid., 807.
177.
Ibid., 807–808.
178.
Ibid., 808.
179.
Ibid., 809.
180.
Ibid., 810.
181.
Ibid.
182.
Ibid.
183.
Charles Gore, The Body of Christ: An Enquiry into the Institution and Doctrine of Holy Communion, Fourth Edition (London: John Murray, 1907).
184.
Bell, Davidson, 810.
185.
Ibid.
186.
Chronicle of Convocation February 1917, 100.
187.
Ibid., 102.
188.
Bell, Davidson, 807.
189.
Chronicle of Convocation February 1917, 107.
190.
Ibid.
191.
Ibid., 114–115.
192.
Bishops’ Meeting 6, 248.
193.
Ibid.
194.
Bell, Davidson, 814.
195.
Bishops’ Meeting 6, 257.
196.
Ibid., 328.
197.
Yates, Anglican Ritualism, 345.
198.
Convocation of Canterbury. Lower House, No. 503. Report of the Committee on the Relations Between Church and State (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1917), 1.
199.
See also Dan Cruickshank, “‘Remember That in This Land There [Are] Two Kingdoms’: The Church of England’s Theology of Church and State in the First World War,” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte/Contemporary Church History 31 (2018): 131–45.
200.
Ibid.
201.
The Archbishops’ Committee on Church & State: Report, with Appendices (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1916), ii.
202.
Ibid.
203.
Ibid., 2.
204.
Ibid., 21.
205.
For the Black Rubric see MacCulloch, Cramner, 525–528.
206.
The Archbishops’ Committee on Church & State: Report, with Appendices, 28.
207.
Cruickshank, ““Remember That in This Land…”.”
208.
John D. Zimmerman, “A Chapter in English Church Reform: The Enabling Act of 1919,” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 46 (1977): 216.
209.
The Archbishops’ Committee on Church & State: Report, with Appendices, 47.
210.
Ibid., 45.
211.
Ibid., 41.
212.
The parallels to the Prayer Book revision process and the plan to put the revisions in an appendix to avoid major Parliamentary scrutiny are obvious.
213.
The Archbishops’ Committee on Church & State: Report, with Appendices, 61.
214.
Ibid., 58–60.
215.
Convocation of Canterbury. Lower House, No. 503. Report of the Committee on the Relations Between Church and State, 4–5.
216.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 8th and 9th, 1917 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1917), 65.
217.
Ibid., 66–67.
218.
Ibid., 67.
219.
Susan Mumm, “The Feminization of Nineteenth-Century Anglicanism,” in The Oxford History of Anglicanism, Volume III: Partisan Anglicanism and Its Global Expansion 1829–c.1914, ed. Rowan Strong (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 452.
220.
York Journal of Convocation February 1917, 114.
221.
Report of the Committee of the Representative Church Council on the Report of the Archbishops’ Committee on Church and State (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1918).
222.
Ibid., 9.
223.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Third Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of May 6, 7 and 8, 1919 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1919), 265.
224.
Ibid., 266.
225.
Ibid., 277, 409; The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of May 7th and 8th, 1919, and July 7th and 8th, 1919 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1919), 127, 169.
226.
Andrew Brown and Linda Woodhead, That Was the Church, That Was: How the Church of England Lost the English People (London: Bloomsbury, 2016), 52.
227.
HL Deb 03 June 1919, vol 34, cc980.
228.
HL Deb 01 July 1919, vol 35, cc28.
229.
HL Deb 02 July 1919, vol 35, cc151.
230.
Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919.
231.
HC Deb 07 November 1919, vol 120, cc1894.
232.
HC Deb 05 December 1919, vol 122, cc866.
233.
HC Deb 07 November 1919, vol 120, cc1835. This speech serves as a timely reminder that hyperbole was not only found within the debates of Convocation.
234.
Cruickshank, ““Remember That in This Land…”.”, 133–135.
235.
Martell, “The Prayer Book Controversy 1927–28,” 25.
236.
Convocation of Canterbury. Upper House., No. 517. Royal Letters of Business. Proposals for the Revision of the Book of Common Prayer Agreed to at a Conference of Members of the Four Houses of the Convocation of Canterbury and York (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1919), 3.
237.
Ibid.
238.
Ibid.
239.
Ibid., 57.
240.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Second Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of January 22 and February 11, 12, 13, 14, 1919 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1919), 29.
241.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 12th and 13th, 1919 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1919), 36.
242.
Ibid., 37.
243.
Ibid.
244.
Ibid.
245.
Ibid., 121.
246.
Chronicle of Convocation January and February 1919, 121.
247.
Ibid., 224.
248.
York Journal of Convocation February 1919, 62–64.
249.
Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Third Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of February 10, 11, 12 and 13, 1920 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), 67–68.
250.
No. 529. Joint Committee on the Royal Letters of Business, Regarding the Order of Holy Communion (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), 3.
251.
Ibid.
252.
Ibid.
253.
Ibid., 4.
254.
The 1549 Offertory Prayer opens “Wherefore, O Lorde and heaunley father, according to the Instytucyon of thy derely beloued sonne, our sauiour Jesu Christ, we thy humble seruauntes do celebrate, and make here before thy diuine Maiestie, with these thy holy giftes, the memoryall whyche thy sonne hath wylled us to make, hauyng in remembraunce his blessed passion, mightie resurreccyon, and glorious ascencion, renderying unto thee most hartie thankes, for the innumerable benefites procured unto us by the same.”
255.
Eucharist Prayers II, III, and IV, introduced at Vatican II, did in fact contain the epiclesis after the words of Institution, but this was not the position held in any of the Roman liturgies 50 years before the Council, and in the Vatican II liturgies there is no mention of the Holy Spirit being sent onto the elements, making it clear that this is a sending on the Spirit onto the people and not the bread and wine, which have already been transformed at the words of Institution.
256.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of February 11th and 12th, 1920 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1920), 75.
257.
Ibid., 55.
258.
Ibid., 57.
259.
Chronicle of Convocation February 1920, 83.
260.
Ibid., 74.
261.
Ibid., 82.
262.
Ibid., 112.
263.
Ibid., 1–2.
264.
The Chronicle of Convocation Being a Record of the Proceedings of the Convocation of Canterbury, The Third Georgio Quinto Regnante, in the Sessions of April 26, 27 and 28, 1920 (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920), 276.
265.
Ibid., 353, 370; No. 533. Royal Letters of Business. Proposals for the Revision of the Book of Common Prayer as Approved by the Convocation of Canterbury (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1920).
266.
The York Journal of Convocation Containing the Acts and Debates of the Convocation of the Province of York, in the Sessions of April 28th and 29th, 1920 (York: W.H. Smith & Son, 1920), 216.
267.
Chronicle of Convocation April 1920, 276.

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Dan D. Cruickshank

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Cruickshank, D.D. (2019). The Revision Process in Convocation, 1906–1920. In: The Theology and Ecclesiology of the Prayer Book Crisis, 1906–1928. Christianities in the Trans-Atlantic World. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27130-5_2

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27130-5_2
Published: 13 September 2019
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