Abstract
This chapter focuses on quality factors, design principles, and guidelines that must be taken into account when stakeholders are creating or evaluating wearable solutions. The patterns and interaction paradigms described were extracted from the scientific literature and industrial domains as well. By explaining what approaches can be employed to evaluate wearable technologies, using different methods for data collection and different criteria for assessment, this chapter provides readers with a comprehensive list of design principles that can inform decisions from designers, developers, and investigators when creating novel wearable technologies or evaluating existing ones. While some of the design principles are targeted at industry experts, others focus on scientific research. Concerning evaluation, this chapter also provides readers with examples of scales, questionnaires, metrics, and questions that can be employed when assessing technology to better understand the user perspective and experience when interacting with a device. Theoretical definitions as well as illustrative examples are presented. This chapter concludes with design challenges and considerations that must be taken into account during the interaction design and evaluation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Optical motion capture technologies serve to track a number of retro-reflective markers which are placed on the participants’ skin in an experimental setup.
References
Knight JF, Baber C, Schwirtz A, Bristow HW (2002) The comfort assessment of wearable computers. In: ISWC 2002 Oct 7 (Vol. 2, pp 65–74)
Dunne L (2008) Wearability in wearable computers. In: 2008 12th IEEE international symposium on wearable computers 2008 Sep 28 (pp 125–125). IEEE
Dunne LE, Profita H, Zeagler C, Clawson J, Gilliland S, Do EY, Budd J (2014) The social comfort of wearable technology and gestural interaction. In: 2014 36th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society 2014 Aug 26 (pp. 4159–4162). IEEE
Dunne LE, Brady S, Tynan R, Lau K, Smyth B, Diamond D, O’Hare GM (2006) Garment-based body sensing using foam sensors. In: Proceedings of the 7th Australasian user interface conference-Vol 50 2006 Jan 1 (pp. 165–171). Australian Computer Society, Inc
Witt H (2007) Human-computer interfaces for wearable computers. PhD thesis
Knight JF, Baber C (2005) A tool to assess the comfort of wearable computers. Human Fact 47(1):77–91
Smailagic A, Siewiorek D (2002) Application design for wearable and context-aware computers. IEEE Pervasive Comput 1(4):20–9
Dibia V (2015) An affective, normative and functional approach to designing user experiences for wearables. Normative and Functional Approach to Designing User Experiences for Wearables (July 14, 2015)
Motti VG, Caine K (2014) Human factors considerations in the design of wearable devices. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting 2014 Sep (Vol. 58, No. 1, pp. 1820–1824). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications
Gemperle F, Kasabach C, Stivoric J, Bauer M, Martin R (1998) Design for wearability. In digest of papers. Second international symposium on wearable computers (cat. No. 98EX215) 1998 Oct 19 (pp. 116–122). IEEE
Angelini L, Caon M, Carrino S, Bergeron L, Nyffeler N, Jean-Mairet M, Mugellini E (2013) Designing a desirable smart bracelet for older adults. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing adjunct publication 2013 Sep 8 (pp. 425–434). ACM
Svanaes D (2013) Interaction design for and with the lived body: some implications of merleau-ponty’s phenomenology. ACM Trans Comput Human Interact (TOCHI) 20(1):8
Cho G (2009 Dec 23) Smart clothing: technology and applications. CRC Press
Tharion WJ, Buller MJ, Karis AJ, Mullen SP. Acceptability of a wearable vital sign detection system. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting 2007 Oct (Vol. 51, No. 17, pp. 1006–1010). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications
Knight F, Schwirtz A, Psomadelis F, Baber C, Bristow W, Arvanitis N (2005) The design of the SensVest. Personal Ubiquitous Comput 9(1):6–19
Hoof C van, Penders J (2013) Addressing the healthcare cost dilemma by managing health instead of managing illness –An opportunity for wearable wireless sensors. In: 2013 design, automation and test in europe conference and exhibition (DATE) 2013 Mar 18 (pp. 1537–1539). IEEE
Brewster S, Lumsden J, Bell M, Hall M, Tasker S (2003) Multimodal eyes-free interaction techniques for wearable devices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems 2003 Apr 5 (pp. 473–480). ACM
Strohrmann C, Harms H, Troster G, Hensler S, Muller R (2011) Out of the lab and into the woods: kinematic analysis in running using wearable sensors. In: Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Ubiquitous computing 2011 Sep 17 (pp. 119–122). ACM
Siewiorek D, Smailagic A, Starner T (2008) Application design for wearable computing. Synth Lect Mobile Pervasive Comput 3(1):1–66
Karahanoglu A, Erbug C (2011) Perceived qualities of smart wearables: determinants of user acceptance. In: Proceedings of the 2011 conference on designing pleasurable products and interfaces 2011 Jun 22 (p. 26). ACM
Nazneen F, Boujarwah FA, Sadler S, Mogus A, Abowd GD, Arriaga RI (2010) Understanding the challenges and opportunities for richer descriptions of stereotypical behaviors of children with ASD: a concept exploration and validation. In: Proceedings of the 12th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility 2010 Oct 25 (pp. 67–74). ACM
Hansson R, Ljungstrand P (2000) The reminder bracelet: subtle notification cues for mobile devices. In: CHI’00 Extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems 2000 Apr 1 (pp. 323–324). ACM
Lin R, Kreifeldt JG (2001) Ergonomics in wearable computer design. Int J Ind Ergon 27(4):259–69
Baber C, Knight J, Haniff D, Cooper L (1999) Ergonomics of wearable computers. Mobile Netw Appl 4(1):15–21
Oliver N, Flores-Mangas F (2006) HealthGear: a real-time wearable system for monitoring and analyzing physiological signals. In: International workshop on wearable and implantable body sensor networks (BSN’06) 2006 Apr 3 (p 4-p). IEEE
Motti VG, Caine K (2015) Users’ privacy concerns about wearables. In: International conference on financial cryptography and data security. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 231–244
Lee W, Lim YK (2012) Explorative research on the heat as an expression medium: focused on interpersonal communication. Personal Ubiquitous Comput 16(8):1039–49
Buenaflor C, Kim H (2013) Six human factors to acceptability of wearable computers. Int J Multimed Ubiquitous Eng 8(3):103–114
Amft O, Lauffer M, Ossevoort S, Macaluso F, Lukowicz P, Troster G (2004) Design of the QBIC wearable computing platform. In Proceedings. In: 15th IEEE international conference on application-specific systems, architectures and processors, 2004. 2004 Sep 27 (pp. 398–410). IEEE
Tao X (ed) (2001 Oct) Smart fibres, fabrics and clothing: fundamentals and applications. Elsevier 4
Nunez-Pacheco C, Loke L (2014) Crafting the body-tool: a body-centred perspective on wearable technology. In: Proceedings of the 2014 conference on Designing interactive systems 2014 Jun 21 (pp. 553–566). ACM
Khakurel J. Enhancing the Adoption of Quantified Self-Tracking Devices. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland) ISBN 978-952-335-318-3
Zucco JE, Thomas BH (2016) Design guidelines for wearable pointing devices. Front ICT 27(3):13
Apple Watch—Human Interface Guidelines (2015). https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/WatchHumanInterfaceGuidelines/
Samsung Gear 2—UI Design Guideline (2014). http://img-develop-er.samsung.com/contents/cmm/SamsungGearApplication_UIDesignGuideline_1.0.pdf
Android Guidelines—Building Apps for Wearables (2015). https://developer.android.com/training/building-wearables.html
Siewiorek D (2017) Wearable Computing: Retrospectives on the first decade. GetMobile: Mobile Comput Commun 21(1):5–10
Forlizzi J, McCormack M. Case study: User research to inform the design and development of integrated wearable computers and web-based services. In: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques 2000 Aug 1 (pp. 275–279). ACM
Rekimoto J (2001) Gesturewrist and gesturepad: Unobtrusive wearable interaction devices. In: Proceedings Fifth international symposium on wearable computers (pp. 21–27). IEEE
Oakley I, Lee D (2014) Interaction on the edge: offset sensing for small devices. In: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems 2014 Apr 26 (pp. 169–178). ACM
Xu C, Lyons K (2015) Shimmering smartwatches: exploring the smartwatch design space. In: Proceedings of the Ninth international conference on tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction 2015 Jan 15 (pp. 69–76). ACM
Ashbrook DL. Enabling mobile microinteractions (Doctoral dissertation, Georgia Institute of Technology)
Houben S, Marquardt N (2015) Watchconnect: a toolkit for prototyping smartwatch-centric cross-device applications. In: Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference on human factors in computing systems 2015 Apr 18 (pp. 1247–1256). ACM
Bulling A, Roggen D, Troster G (2008) It’s in your eyes: towards context-awareness and mobile HCI using wearable EOG goggles. In: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing 2008 Sep 21 (pp. 84–93). ACM
Martin T, Healey J (2007) 2006’s wearable computing advances and fashions. IEEE Pervasive Comput 6(1):14–6
Toney A, Dunne L, Thomas BH, Ashdown SP (2003) A shoulder pad insert vibrotactile display. IEEE
Seuter M, Pfeiffer M, Bauer G, Zentgraf K, Kray C (2017) Running with technology: evaluating the impact of interacting with wearable devices on running movement. Proc ACM Interact Mobile Wearable Ubiquitous Technol 1(3):101
Khakurel J, Knutas A, Melkas H, Penzenstadler B, Porras J (2018) Crafting usable quantified self-wearable technologies for older adult. In: International conference on applied human factors and ergonomics. Springer, Cham, pp 75–87
Rawassizadeh R, Price BA, Petre M (2015) Wearables: has the age of smartwatches finally arrived? Commun ACM 58(1):45–7
Motti VG, Caine K (2015) Micro interactions and multi dimensional graphical user interfaces in the design of wrist worn wearables. In: Proceedings of the human factors and ergonomics society annual meeting 2015 Sep (Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 1712–1716). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications
Weller P, Rakhmetova L, Ma Q, Mandersloot G (2010) Evaluation of a wearable computer system for telemonitoring in a critical environment. Personal Ubiquitous Comput 14(1):73–81
Powell C, Munetomo M, Schlueter M, Mizukoshi M (2013) Towards thought control of next-generation wearable computing devices. In: International conference on brain and health informatics. Springer, Cham, pp 427–438
Magno M, Brunelli D, Sigrist L, Andri R, Cavigelli L, Gomez A, Benini L (2016) InfiniTime: multi-sensor wearable bracelet with human body harvesting. Sustain Comput: Inf Syst 1(11):38–49
Dibia V, Trewin S, Ashoori M, Erickson T (2015) Exploring the potential of wearables to support employment for people with mild cognitive impairment. In: Proceedings of the 17th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers & accessibility 2015 Oct 26 (pp. 401–402). ACM
Coca A, Roberge RJ, Williams WJ, Landsittel DP, Powell JB, Palmiero A (2009) Physiological monitoring in firefighter ensembles: wearable plethysmographic sensor vest versus standard equipment. J Occup Environ Hygiene 7(2):109–114
Gobert D (2002) Designing wearable performance support: Insights from the early literature. Techn Commun 49(4):444–8
Azevedo RT, Bennett N, Bilicki A, Hooper J, Markopoulou F, Tsakiris M (2017) The calming effect of a new wearable device during the anticipation of public speech. Sci Report 7(1):2285
Matassa A, Rapp A, Simeoni R (2013) Wearable accessories for cycling: tracking memories in urban spaces. In: atelier of smart garments and accessories, held in conjunction with 2013 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing (UbiComp 2013) 2013 (pp 415–424). ACM
Zheng H, Motti VG, Giwa-Lawal K, Evmenova A, Evaluating Graff H, WELI: A Wrist-Worn Application to Assist Young Adults with Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Inclusive Classes. In, (2019) IFIP Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, Cham, pp 114–134
Caine K. Local standards for sample size at CHI. In: Proceedings of the 2016 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems (pp 981–992). ACM
MacLean D, Roseway A, Czerwinski M (2013) MoodWings: a wearable biofeedback device for real-time stress intervention. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on PErvasive technologies related to assistive environments 2013 May 29 (p 66). ACM
Cho H, Yoon H, Kim KJ, Shin DH (2015) Wearable health information: effects of comparative feedback and presentation mode. In: Proceedings of the 33rd annual ACM conference extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems 2015 Apr 18 (pp. 2073–2078). ACM
Bachlin M, Forster K, Troster G (2009) SwimMaster: a wearable assistant for swimmer. In: Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Ubiquitous computing 2009 Sep 30 (pp 215–224). ACM
Vidal M, Bulling A, Gellersen H (2011) Analysing EOG signal features for the discrimination of eye movements with wearable devices. In: Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on pervasive eye tracking & mobile eye-based interaction 2011 Sep 18 (pp 15–20). ACM
Jalaliniya S, Pederson T (2012) A wearable kids’ health monitoring system on smartphone. In: Proceedings of the 7th Nordic conference on human-computer interaction: making sense through design 2012 Oct 14 (pp 791–792). ACM
Lee K, Kwon DS (2000) Wearable master device for spinal injured persons as a control device for motorized wheelchairs. Artif Life Robot 4(4):182–7
Virkki J, Aggarwal R (2014) Privacy of wearable electronics in the healthcare and childcare sectors: a survey of personal perspectives from Finland and the United Kingdom. J Inf Secur 5(02):46
Berglund ME, Duvall J, Dunne LE (2016) A survey of the historical scope and current trends of wearable technology applications. In: Proceedings of the 2016 ACM international symposium on wearable computers 2016 Sep 12 (pp 40–43). ACM
Dunne L (2010) Smart clothing in practice: key design barriers to commercialization. Fashion Pract 2(1):41–65
Dunne L (2010) Beyond the second skin: an experimental approach to addressing garment style and fit variables in the design of sensing garments. Int J Fashion Des Technol Educ 3(3):109–17
Peshock A, Duvall J, Dunne LE (2014) Argot: a wearable one-handed keyboard glove. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international symposium on wearable computers: adjunct program 2014 Sep 13 (pp. 87–92). ACM
Erickson K, McMahon M, Dunne LE, Larsen C, Olmstead B, Hipp J (2016) Design and analysis of a sensor-enabled in-ear device for physiological monitoring. J Med Devices 10(2):020966
Friedl KE (2018) Military applications of soldier physiological monitoring. J Sci Med Sport 21(11):1147–53
Khakurel J, Melkas H, Porras J (2018) Tapping into the wearable device revolution in the work environment: a systematic review. Inf Technol People 31(3):791–818
Fletcher RR, Ming-Zher Poh RR, Eydgahi H (2010) Wearable sensors: opportunities and challenges for low-cost health care. In: Proceedings of the 2010 Annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society. pp 1763–1766
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Motti, V.G. (2020). Design Guidelines and Evaluation. In: Wearable Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27111-4_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27111-4_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-27110-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-27111-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)