Abstract
Biometrics research is heading towards enabling more relaxed acquisition conditions. This has effects on the quality and resolution of acquired images, severely affecting the accuracy of recognition systems if not tackled appropriately. In this chapter, we give an overview of recent research in super-resolution reconstruction applied to biometrics, with a focus on face and iris images in the visible spectrum, two prevalent modalities in selfie biometrics. After an introduction to the generic topic of super-resolution, we investigate methods adapted to cater for the particularities of these two modalities. By experiments, we show the benefits of incorporating super-resolution to improve the quality of biometric images prior to recognition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahonen T, Hadid A, Pietikainen M (2006) Face description with local binary patterns: application to face recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 28(12):2037–2041. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2006.244
Aljadaany R, Luu K, Venugopalan S, Savvides M (2015) Iris super-resolution via nonparametric over-complete dictionary learning. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing, ICIP, pp 3856–3860. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2015.7351527
Alonso-Fernandez F, Bigun J (2013) Quality factors affecting iris segmentation and matching. In: Proceedings of the international conference on biometrics, ICB, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICB.2013.6613016
Alonso-Fernandez F, Farrugia RA, Bigun J (2015) Eigen-patch iris super-resolution for iris recognition improvement. In: Proceedings of the European signal processing conference, EUSIPCO
Alonso-Fernandez F, Farrugia RA, Bigun J (2017) Iris super-resolution using iterative neighbor embedding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, CVPRW, pp 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2017.94
Alonso-Fernandez F, Fierrez J, Ortega-Garcia J (2012) Quality measures in biometric systems. IEEE Secur Privacy 10(6):52–62
Baker S, Kanade T (2000) Hallucinating faces. In: Proceedings fourth IEEE international conference on automatic face and gesture recognition (Cat. No. PR00580), pp 83–88 . https://doi.org/10.1109/AFGR.2000.840616
Baker S, Kanade T (2002) Limits on super-resolution and how to break them. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 24(9):1167–1183
Barnard R, Pauca VP, Torgersen TC, Plemmons RJ, Prasad S, van der Gracht J, Nagy J, Chung J, Behrmann G, Mathews S, Mirotznik M (2006) High-resolution iris image reconstruction from low-resolution imagery. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.681930
Cao Q, Lin L, Shi Y, Liang X, Li G (2017) Attention-aware face hallucination via deep reinforcement learning. In: 2017 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 1656–1664. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2017.180
Carrato S, Ramponi G, Marsi S (1996) A simple edge-sensitive image interpolation filter. In: Proceedings of 3rd IEEE international conference on image processing, vol 3, pp 711–714
Chakrabarti A, Rajagopalan AN, Chellappa R (2007) Super-resolution of face images using kernel pca-based prior. IEEE Trans Multimedia 9(4):888–892. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMM.2007.893346
Chang H, Yeung DY, Xiong Y (2004) Super-resolution through neighbor embedding. In: Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2004. CVPR 2004, vol 1, p I
Cheeseman P, Kanefsky B, Kraft R, Stutz J, Hanson R (1996) Super-resolved surface reconstruction from multiple images. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, pp 293–308
Chen HY, Chien SY (2014) Eigen-patch: position-patch based face hallucination using eigen transformation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, ICME, pp 1–6
Deshpande A, Patavardhan P (2017) Multi-frame super-resolution for long range captured iris polar image. IET Biomet 6(2):108–116. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2016.0076
Deshpande A, Patavardhan PP (2017) Super resolution and recognition of long range captured multi-frame iris images. IET Biomet 6(5):360–368. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-bmt.2016.0075
Dong C, Loy CC, He K, Tang X (2016) Image super-resolution using deep convolutional networks. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 38(2):295–307. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2015.2439281
Dong W, Zhang L, Shi G, Li X (2013) Nonlocally centralized sparse representation for image restoration. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(4):1620–1630. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2012.2235847
Fahmy G (2007) Super-resolution construction of iris images from a visual low resolution face video. In: Proceedigns of the national radio science conference, NRSC
Farrugia RA, Guillemot C (2016) Robust face hallucination using quantization-adaptive dictionaries. In: 2016 IEEE international conference on image processing (ICIP), pp 414–418 . https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2016.7532390
Farrugia RA, Guillemot C (2017) Face hallucination using linear models of coupled sparse support. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(9):4562–4577. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2717181
Farsiu S, Robinson D, Elad M, Milanfar P (2003) Fast and robust super-resolution. In: Proceedings 2003 international conference on image processing (Cat. No.03CH37429), vols 2 and 3, pp II–291–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2003.1246674
Farsiu S, Robinson D, Elad M, Milanfar P (2003) Robust shift and add approach to superresolution. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.507194
Farsiu S, Robinson MD, Elad M, Milanfar P (2004) Fast and robust multiframe super resolution. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(10):1327–1344. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2004.834669
Fierrez J, Morales A, Vera-Rodriguez R, Camacho D (2018) Multiple classifiers in biometrics. Part 1: fundamentals and review. Inf Fusion 44:57–64 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2017.12.003
Fierrez J, Morales A, Vera-Rodriguez R, Camacho D (2018) Multiple classifiers in biometrics. Part 2: trends and challenges. Inf Fusion 44:103–112 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2017.12.005
Freeman WT, Jones TR, Pasztor EC (2002) Example-based super-resolution. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 22(2):56–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.988747
Galbally J, Marcel S, Fierrez J (2014) Image quality assessment for fake biometric detection: application to iris, fingerprint, and face recognition. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(2):710–724
Glasner D, Bagon S, Irani M (2009) Super-resolution from a single image. In: The IEEE international conference on computer vision (ICCV)
Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (2006) Digital image processing, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA
Hardie RC, Barnard KJ, Armstrong EE (1997) Joint map registration and high-resolution image estimation using a sequence of undersampled images. IEEE Trans Image Process 6(12):1621–1633. https://doi.org/10.1109/83.650116
Hollingsworth K, Peters T, Bowyer K, Flynn P (2009) Iris recognition using signal-level fusion of frames from video. IEEE Trans Inf Forensic Secur 4(4):837–848
Hsieh SH, Li YH, Tien CH, Chang CC (2016) Extending the capture volume of an iris recognition system using wavefront coding and super-resolution. IEEE Trans Cybern 46(12):3342–3350. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2015.2504388
Hu Y, Lam KM, Qiu G, Shen T (2011) From local pixel structure to global image super-resolution: a new face hallucination framework. IEEE Trans Image Process 20(2):433–445. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2063437
Huang H, He H, Fan X, Zhang J (2010) Super-resolution of human face image using canonical correlation analysis. Pattern Recogn 43(7):2532–2543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2010.02.007
Huang J, Ma L, Tan T, Wang Y (2003) Learning based resolution enhancement of iris images. In: Proceedings of the BMVC
Irani M, Peleg S (1990) Super resolution from image sequences. In: [1990] Proceedings. 10th international conference on pattern recognition, vol 2, pp 115–120. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.1990.119340
Irani M, Peleg S (1993) Motion analysis for image enhancement: resolution, occlusion, and transparency. J Vis Commun Image Represent 4(4):324–335. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvci.1993.1030. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1047320383710308
Jain A, Nandakumar K, Ross A (2016) 50 years of biometric research: accomplishments, challenges, and opportunities. Pattern Recogn Lett 79:80–105
Jain AK, Kumar A (2011) Second generation biometrics, chapter. An overview. Springer, Biometrics of next generation
Jiang J, Hu R, Wang Z, Han Z (2014) Face super-resolution via multilayer locality-constrained iterative neighbor embedding and intermediate dictionary learning. IEEE Trans Image Proces 23(10):4220–4231. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2014.2347201
Jillela R, Ross A, Flynn P (2011) Information fusion in low-resolution iris videos using principal components transform. In: Proceedings of the IEEEwWorkshop on applications of computer vision, WACV, pp 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1109/WACV.2011.5711512
Jung C, Jiao L, Liu B, Gong M (2011) Position-patch based face hallucination using convex optimization. IEEE Sig Process Lett 18(6):367–370. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2011.2140370
Kim J, Kwon Lee J, Mu Lee K (2016) Accurate image super-resolution using very deep convolutional networks. In: The IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)
Li B, Chang H, Shan S, Chen X (2009) Aligning coupled manifolds for face hallucination. IEEE Sig Process Lett 16(11):957–960. https://doi.org/10.1109/LSP.2009.2027657
Li Y, Cai C, Qiu G, Lam KM (2014) Face hallucination based on sparse local-pixel structure. Pattern Recogn 47(3), 1261–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2013.09.012. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320313003841 (Handwriting recognition and other PR applications)
Lim B, Son S, Kim H, Nah S, Lee KM (2017) Enhanced deep residual networks for single image super-resolution. In: 2017 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops (CVPRW), pp 1132–1140. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPRW.2017.151
Lin Z, Shum HY (2004) Fundamental limits of reconstruction-based superresolution algorithms under local translation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26(1):83–97
Liu J, Sun Z, Tan T (2013) Code-level information fusion of low-resolution iris image sequences for personal identification at a distance. In: Proceedings of the international conference on biometrics: theory, applications and systems, BTAS, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2013.6712692
Ma X, Zhang J, Qi C (2009) Position-based face hallucination method. In: 2009 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, pp 290–293. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2009.5202492
Masek L (2003) Recognition of human iris patterns for biometric identification. Master’s thesis. School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, University of Western Australia
Nasir H, Stankovic V, Marshall S (2011) Singular value decomposition based fusion for super-resolution image reconstruction. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on signal and image processing applications (ICSIPA), pp 393–398. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSIPA.2011.6144138
Nasrollahi K, Moeslund TB (2014) Super-resolution: a comprehensive survey. Mach Vis Appl 25(6):1423–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-014-0623-4
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S (2010) Robust mean super-resolution for less cooperative nir iris recognition at a distance and on the move. In: Proceedings of the symposium on information and communication technology, SoICT, pp 122–127 . https://doi.org/10.1145/1852611.1852635
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S., Denman S (2010) Focus-score weighted super-resolution for uncooperative iris recognition at a distance and on the move. In: Proceedings of the 25th international conference of image and vision computing New Zealand, IVCNZ, pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVCNZ.2010.6148792
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S, Denman S (2011) Feature-domain super-resolution for iris recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing, ICIP, pp 3197–3200. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2011.6116348
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S, Denman S (2011) Quality-driven super-resolution for less constrained iris recognition at a distance and on the move. IEEE Trans Inf For Secur 6(4):1248–1258
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S, Denman S (2013) Feature-domain super-resolution for iris recognition. Comput Vis Image Underst 117(10):1526–1535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2013.06.010. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1077314213001306
Nguyen K, Fookes C, Sridharan S, Tistarelli M, Nixon M (2018) Super-resolution for biometrics: a comprehensive survey. Pattern Recogn 78:23–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2018.01.002. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320318300049
Nguyen K, Sridharan S, Denman S, Fookes C (2012) Feature-domain super-resolution framework for gabor-based face and iris recognition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, CVPR, pp 2642–2649
Othman N, Dorizzi B (2015) Impact of quality-based fusion techniques for video-based iris recognition at a distance. IEEE Trans Inf For Secur 10(8):1590–1602. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2015.2421314
Park JS, Lee SW (2008) An example-based face hallucination method for single-frame, low-resolution facial images. IEEE Trans Image Process 17(10):1806–1816. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2008.2001394
Parkhi OM, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2015) Deep face recognition. In: Proceedings of the British machine vision conference, BMVC
Pham TQ, van Vliet LJ, Schutte K (2006) Robust fusion of irregularly sampled data using adaptive normalized convolution. EURASIP J Adv Signal Process 2006(1):083,268. https://doi.org/10.1155/ASP/2006/83268
Raja KB, Raghavendra R, Vemuri VK, Busch C (2015) Smartphone based visible iris recognition using deep sparse filtering. Pattern Recogn Lett 57:33–42
Ribeiro E, Uhl A, Alonso-Fernandez F, Farrugia RA (2017) Exploring deep learning image super-resolution for iris recognition. In: Proceedings of the 25th European signal processing conference, EUSIPCO, pp 2176–2180. https://doi.org/10.23919/EUSIPCO.2017.8081595
Schultz RR, Stevenson RL (1996) Extraction of high-resolution frames from video sequences. IEEE Trans Image Process 5(6):996–1011. https://doi.org/10.1109/83.503915
Shin KY, Park KR, Kang BJ, Park SJ (2009) Super-resolution method based on multiple multi-layer perceptrons for iris recognition. In: International conference ubiquitous information technologies applications, ICUT, pp 1–5
Simonyan K, Grishin S, Vatolin D, Popov D (2008) Fast video super-resolution via classification. In: 2008 15th IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 349–352. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2008.4711763
Su D, Willis P (2004) Image interpolation by pixel-level data-dependent triangulation. Comput Graph Forum. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2004.00752.x
Su K, Tian Q, Xue Q, Sebe N, Ma J (2005) Neighborhood issue in single-frame image super-resolution. In: 2005 IEEE international conference on multimedia and expo, p 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICME.2005.1521623
Thapa D, Raahemifar K, Bobier WR, Lakshminarayanan V (2016) A performance comparison among different super-resolution techniques. Comput Electr Eng 54:313–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2015.09.011. URL http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045790615003183
Thévenaz P, Blu T, Unser M (2000) Handbook of medical imaging. Chapter. Image interpolation and resampling. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, pp 393–420. URL http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=374166.374424
Turk M, Pentland A (1991) Eigenfaces for recognition. J Cogn Neurosci 3(1):71–86
Wang N, Tao D, Gao X, Li X, Li J (2014) A comprehensive survey to face hallucination. Int J Comput Vis 106(1):9–30
Wang X, Tang X (2005) Hallucinating face by eigentransformation. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part C Appl Rev 35(3):425–434. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2005.848171
Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(4):600–612. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2003.819861
Yang J, Wright J, Huang T, Ma Y (2008) Image super-resolution as sparse representation of raw image patches. In: 2008 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2008.4587647
Yang J, Wright J, Huang TS, Ma Y (2010) Image super-resolution via sparse representation. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(11):2861–2873. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2010.2050625
Zhang Q, Li H, He Z, Sun Z (2016) Image super-resolution for mobile iris recognition. In: Proceedings of the 11th Chinese conference on biometric recognition, CCBR, pp 399–406
Zomet A, Peleg S (2000) Efficient super-resolution and applications to mosaics. In: Proceedings 15th international conference on pattern recognition. ICPR-2000, vol 1, pp 579–583. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPR.2000.905404
Acknowledgements
Authors F. A.-F. and J. B thank the Swedish Research Council (VR), the Sweden’s innovation agency (VINNOVA), and the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (CAISR programme and SIDUS-AIR project). Author J. F. thanks Accenture and the project CogniMetrics (TEC2015-70627-R) from MINECO/FEDER
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Alonso-Fernandez, F., Farrugia, R.A., Fierrez, J., Bigun, J. (2019). Super-resolution for Selfie Biometrics: Introduction and Application to Face and Iris. In: Rattani, A., Derakhshani, R., Ross, A. (eds) Selfie Biometrics. Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26972-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26972-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26971-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26972-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)