Children with Respiratory Failure

Abstract

Respiratory failure has only recently been referred to in the pediatric literature. It is defined as an alteration in the capacity of the respiratory system to maintain an adequate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and it depends on three steps: ventilation, diffusion, and circulation. Early recognition of respiratory failure symptoms and signs is vitally important, given that it is the main cause of cardiac failure in children. Timely detection may reduce mortality and improve the general prognosis. Respiratory failure is the leading cause of critical care unit admission and the need for mechanical ventilation. Management is a challenge, depending on the underlying cause.