Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Promotion of Women in Sport Within the Council of Europe and the European Sport Conference from the 1960s to the 1990s

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Histories of Women's Work in Global Sport

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics ((PASSP))

  • 234 Accesses

Abstract

Based on conference reports and minutes, archive material and official documents, the article seeks to explore the way in which the promotion of women’s sports and of women in leadership positions became an important part of the sport policy of two major organizations involved in European sport cooperation: the Council of Europe and the European Sport Conference. During first and modest discussions in the 1960s and 1970s it constituted a rather paternalistic project. Also, it was based on the assumption of an essential difference between men and women concerning the need for participation in sport. This only changed since the beginning of the 1980s when women took the course in their own hands, challenged the underlying assumptions and created new networks of cooperation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Jordan K. Matthews. “Tensions and Future Directions for the Women and Sport Movement,” in Louise Mansfield, Jayne Caudwell, Belinda Wheaton, and Beccy Watson (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), 181.

  2. 2.

    For example James A. Mangan, Sport in Europe. Politics, Class, Gender (London: Cass, 1999); Gioglia Gori and James A. Mangan (eds.), Sport and the Emancipation of European Women. The Struggle for Self-Fulfilment (London and New York: Routledge, 2014).

  3. 3.

    In fact, most of the history of sport in Europe, or European sport history, lacks a transnational perspective. Rather, is constitutes an assemblage of national histories.

  4. 4.

    Other main areas of activity and exchange were doping and the problem of violence in sport. See: Jacques Marchand, Sport for All in Europe (London: HMSO, 1990).

  5. 5.

    Stefan Scholl, “Cooperation and Conflict: The Case of the European Sports Conference in the 1970s and 1980s,” in Grégory Quin, Nicolas Sbetti, and Philippe Vonnard (eds.), Beyond Boycotts: National, Continental and Transcontinental Sporting Relations During Cold War (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017).

  6. 6.

    Comité de l’éducation extra-scolaire, “Mémorandum de la Délégation française ‘Sport féminin’, Strasbourg, 18 February 1963 [CCC/EES (63) 15].” A large part of the Council of Europe documents are written in French. The translation in English was done by myself. Unfortunately, it could not be clarified who participated in the French delegation at this time.

  7. 7.

    Comité de l’éducation extra-scolaire, “Mémorandum de la Délégation française ‘Sport féminin’, Strasbourg, 18 February 1963 [CCC/EES (63) 15].”, 1.

  8. 8.

    See the classical Patricia Vertinsky, The Eternally Wounded Woman. Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century (Urbana: Illini Books Edition, 1994); Martha Verbrugge, Able-Bodied Womanhood. Personal Health and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Boston (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988); Helen Lenskyj, Out of Bonds. Women, Sport and Sexuality (Toronto: Women’s Press, 1986).

  9. 9.

    Comité de l’éducation extra-scolaire, “Mémorandum de la Délégation française ‘Sport féminin’, Strasbourg, 18 February 1963 [CCC/EES (63) 15]”, 2.

  10. 10.

    Comité de l’éducation extra-scolaire, “Mémorandum de la Délégation française ‘Sport féminin’, Strasbourg, 18 February 1963 [CCC/EES (63) 15]”, 2.

  11. 11.

    Comité de l’éducation extra-scolaire, “Mémorandum de la Délégation française ‘Sport féminin’, Strasbourg, 18 February 1963 [CCC/EES (63) 15]”, 2.

  12. 12.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Groupe d’étude chargé de préparer le stage organisé par le Gouvernement suédois en 1967, Strasbourg, 6 October 1966 [EES (66) Stage XXXIX, 1]”; Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Programme préliminaire du stage à organiser en Suède en 1967, Strasbourg, 17 October 1966 [EES (66) Stage XXXIX, 2].”

  13. 13.

    Committee for out-of-school education, “Sport for Women. Course organized by the Swedish Government, Stockholm, October 1967. Detailed program and general information for participants, Strasbourg, 20 July 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39, 6],” 5. On Domnitsa Cavounides and Mary Duggan, no further information could be found. On Yvonne Surrel, professor of physical education in the Ecole Normale Supérieure in France, see Jacqueline Marsenach, “Yvonne Surrel. Une pensée toujours d’actualité,” Revue EP&S 305 (January 2003): 71–72.

  14. 14.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport pour les femmes. Stage organisé par le Gouvernement suédois, octobre 1967. Document d’information à l’attention des gouvernements membres, Strasbourg, 10 March 1967 [EES (67) Stage XXXIX, 5],” 1.

  15. 15.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport pour les femmes. Stage organisé par le Gouvernement suédois, octobre 1967. Document d’information à l’attention des gouvernements membres, Strasbourg, 10 March 1967 [EES (67) Stage XXXIX, 5],” 2.

  16. 16.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport pour les femmes. Stage organisé par le Gouvernement suédois, octobre 1967. Document d’information à l’attention des gouvernements membres, Strasbourg, 10 March 1967 [EES (67) Stage XXXIX, 5],” 3.

  17. 17.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 2.

  18. 18.

    Unfortunately, the conference report does not allow to analyse to what degree these points were controversial during the discussions. For example, the title of one presentation to the conference was rather cautious in presupposing a gender difference: ‘Aspects psychologiques de la difference d’intérêt pour le sport – si cette différence existe – entre hommes et femmes’, M. Torbjörn Stockfelt, see Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 11.

  19. 19.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 3–4. The same conclusions can be found in other contemporary surveys at the time, for example the West German Frau und Sport. Umfrage über die Rolle der Leibesübungen in den Lebensgewohnheiten der Bevölkerung (Allensbach, 1966).

  20. 20.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 6. Other aspects of organization comprised the provision of child care or special courses for mothers.

  21. 21.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 7.

  22. 22.

    Stefan Scholl, “Europäische Biopolitik? Das Sport-für-alle-Paradigma des Europarats in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren,” in Stefan Scholl (ed.), Körperführung. Historische Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis von Biopolitik und Sport (Frankfurt am Main and New York: Campus, 2018).

  23. 23.

    Seybold, Annemarie. “Frauensport-Seminar im Auftrag des Europa-Rates vom 9.-–14. Oktober 1967 in Stockholm,” Die Leibeserziehung 17, no. 2 (1968): 56–58.

  24. 24.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Sport féminin. Stage organisé par le gouvernement suédois, Stockholm, 9–14 octobre 1967. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 18 October 1967 [EES (67) Stage 39,8],” 8–9.

  25. 25.

    Colette Flesch one of the most famous athletes in Luxembourg (fencing) and secretary general of the National Olympic Committee. Arthur Steil held a position in the state department of physical education. Unfortunately, no information could be found on Charles-Henry de Latour Dejean.

  26. 26.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation des groupes sportifs féminins. Stage à organiser par le gouvernement du Luxembourg en juillet 1969. Projet de rapport de la 1ère réunion du groupe d’étude préparatoire (Strasbourg 26 et 27 novembre), Strasbourg, 5 December 1968 [EES (68) Stage 47,3 prov.],” 2–3.

  27. 27.

    Obviously, West Germany had not responded. Also, Inge Heuser, sport scientist from Wuppertal, who was supposed to be part of the preparatory group, never participated in person.

  28. 28.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage à organiser par le gouvernement du Luxembourg en juillet 1969. Projet de note de synthèse et d’orientation pour le stage de Luxembourg établie par M. C.H. de Latour Dejean, Strasbourg, 14 March 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,6],” 1–2.

  29. 29.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage à organiser par le gouvernement du Luxembourg en juillet 1969. Projet de note de synthèse et d’orientation pour le stage de Luxembourg établie par M. C.H. de Latour Dejean, Strasbourg, 14 March 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,6],” 4.

  30. 30.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage à organiser par le gouvernement du Luxembourg en juillet 1969. Projet de note de synthèse et d’orientation pour le stage de Luxembourg établie par M. C.H. de Latour Dejean, Strasbourg, 14 March 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,6],” 5.

  31. 31.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage devant avoir lieu à Luxembourg du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Rapport de la deuxième réunion du Groupe d’étude préparatoire, Strasbourg, 24–25 mars 1969, Strasbourg, 8 May 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,8 déf.],” 1.

  32. 32.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 2.

  33. 33.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 5.

  34. 34.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 5.

  35. 35.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 12.

  36. 36.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 9.

  37. 37.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 16.

  38. 38.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 6–7.

  39. 39.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 7 and 12.

  40. 40.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 7.

  41. 41.

    Comité de l’éducation extrascolaire, “Méthodes d’animation de groupes sportifs féminins. Stage organisé par le gouvernement luxembourgeois du 6 au 12 juillet 1969. Projet de rapport, Strasbourg, 20 July 1969 [EES (69) Stage 47,12],” 20.

  42. 42.

    For the case of West Germany, see for example: Petra Tzschoppe, “Sport für alle – Sport und Sportpolitik von und für Frauen in Deutschland,” in Michael Krüger and Dieter Jütting (eds.), Sport für alle. Idee und Wirklichkeit (Münster: Waxmann, 2017); Ursula Voigt (ed.), Mitmachen! Mitdenken! Mitlenken! 50 Jahre Frauen im Deutschen Sportbund (Frankfurt am Main, 2001). In 1975, the Committee for Women’s Sport (Bundesausschuss für Frauensport) of the West German Sports Association, existing since 1951, organized a congress on the opportunities and hindrances in women’s sport, see: Ingrid Dorsch (ed.), Chancen und Hemnisse für Frauen im Sport. Kongress vom 19. bis 20. September 1975 in Bad Hersfeld (Frankfurt am Main, 1976).

  43. 43.

    See the conference report from Friederike Neuhöfer (ed.), Mitarbeit der Mädchen und Frauen in Sportorganisationen. Europa-Seminar, 17. –22. Juni 1977 in Oberwesel (Frankfurt am Main, 1977).

  44. 44.

    Coming together for the first time in 1975, the Conferences of European Ministers Responsible for Sport were organized under the umbrella of the Council of Europe on a regular 2–3 year basis.

  45. 45.

    Inge Berndt, “Frauen im Sport in Europa,” in Ursula Voigt (ed.), Mitmachen. Mitdenken. Mitlenken. 50 Jahre Frauen im Deutschen Sportbund (Frankfurt am Main, 2001), 61.

  46. 46.

    Council of Europe, Seminar on the Greater Involvement of Women in Sport (Strasbourg, 1982), 89–95.

  47. 47.

    Ferris, Elizabeth, “The Physiological Make-Up of Women and Its Effects on Their Participation in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater Involvement of Women in Sport (Strasbourg, 1982), 62.

  48. 48.

    Christa Zipprich and Werner Silberstein, “The Changing Attitudes to Women in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater, 42.

  49. 49.

    Monique Berlioux, “Women in the Promotion and Administration of Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater, 77.

  50. 50.

    Monique Berlioux, “Women in the Promotion and Administration of Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater, 78.

  51. 51.

    Monique Berlioux, “Women in the Promotion and Administration of Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater, 79.

  52. 52.

    Monique Berlioux, “Women in the Promotion and Administration of Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater, 79. In this vein, see also Margaret Talbot, “Playing with Patriarchy: The Gendered Dynamics of Sports Organizations,” in Sheila Scraton and Anne Flintoff (eds.), Gender and Sport: A Reader (London and New York: Routledge, 2002).

  53. 53.

    See also the presentation of Dorothy Harris: “Women in Society and Their Participation in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater Involvement, 24: ‘Male dominance in sport organizations places the economic resources and the power of decision-making in their control. Women must gain entrance to these structures if they are to influence change.’

  54. 54.

    Council of Europe (ed.), Seminar on the Greater Involvement, 85.

  55. 55.

    See, for example, Ilse Bechthold (ed.), Arbeitshilfen für die Führungstätigkeit von Frauen in Vereinen und Verbänden des Deutschen Sportbundes (Frankfurt am Main, 1983); Ursula Voigt (ed.), Quotierung – ein Weg zu mehr Mitbestimmung für Frauen? Arbeitstagungen des Bundesausschusses für Frauensport des Deutschen Sportbundes am 15./16. November 1985 und am 22. März 1986 (Frankfurt am Main, 1986); Silvia Nitsche (ed.), Mädchen und Frauen in unseren Vereinen und Verbänden. Multiplikatorenlehrgang, 8. –10. Mai 1987 in Bremen (Frankfurt am Main, 1987).

  56. 56.

    Jennifer Parks, “Red Sport, Red Tape: The Olympic Games, the Soviet Sports Bureaucracy, and the Cold War, 1952–1980” (PhD diss., University of Chapel Hill, 2009).

  57. 57.

    Ruth Brosche, “Bericht über das Symposium ‘Sport für Frauen’ vom 14. –18.12.1982 in Moskau,” in Archives of the DOSB, Frankfurt am Main, Folder “V. ESK Polen (Warschau) 1981 / VI. ESK Jugoslawien (Belgrad) 1983.”

  58. 58.

    Berndt, “Frauen im Sport,” 61; Talbot, “Playing with Patriarchy,” 281. See also Matthews. “Tensions,” 187: ‘Throughout the 1980s, governments and organizations were lobbied by activists and groups in recognition that aspects of sports continued to discriminate against women, and thus in turn, against wider social gender equality and sex discrimination laws. The major stimulus for European women and sport advocacy was a Council of Europe seminar at Bisham Abbey, UK, in 1989.’

  59. 59.

    Elizabeth Dendy, “Introduction,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport—Taking the Lead. 11th–14th September 1989, Bisham Abbey National Sports Centre, England (Strasbourg, 1990), 1.

  60. 60.

    Kari Fasting, “Women’s Leadership in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 9 and 17.

  61. 61.

    Kari Fasting, “Women’s Leadership in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 15.

  62. 62.

    Kari Fasting, “Women’s Leadership in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 10f.

  63. 63.

    Kari Fasting, “Women’s Leadership in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 17.

  64. 64.

    Marianne Soderberg, “Paid Employment in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 38.

  65. 65.

    Marianne Soderberg, “Paid Employment in Sport,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport, 39.

  66. 66.

    Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport—Taking the Lead, 66–79.

  67. 67.

    Iain Reddish, “Towards an International Strategy,” in Council of Europe (ed.), Women and Sport—Taking the Lead, 53.

  68. 68.

    European Sports Conference, IX European Sports Conference, Record, Sofia 1989, 178.

  69. 69.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 112.

  70. 70.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 115.

  71. 71.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 116–19.

  72. 72.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 133.

  73. 73.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 150.

  74. 74.

    European Sports Conference, X. European Sports Conference 1991. ‘The New Europe and Future Sports Co-Operation’. Report, Oslo 1991, 331f.

  75. 75.

    European Sports Conference, XI. European Sports Conference, Changing Europe—Changing Sport, Report, Bratislava 1993, 133.

  76. 76.

    The results of these activities are listed in European Sports Conference, XI. European Sports Conference, Changing Europe—Changing Sport, Report, Bratislava 1993, 141–46.

  77. 77.

    Marianne Connotte (ed.), Women and Sport. A Qualified Practice (Arnhem, 1993).

  78. 78.

    Kari Fasting (ed.), Women and Sport. Monitoring Progress Towards Equality. A European Survey (Oslo, 1993).

  79. 79.

    European Sports Conference, XI. European Sports Conference, 126.

  80. 80.

    European Sports Conference, XI. European Sports Conference, 132.

  81. 81.

    European Sports Conference, XI. European Sports Conference, 127.

  82. 82.

    Talbot, “Playing with Patriarchy,” 281. See also Jennifer Hargreaves, Heroines of Sport. The Politics of Difference and Identity (London and New York: Routledge, 2000), 221–24.

  83. 83.

    Matthews. “Tensions,” 189.

  84. 84.

    Talbot. “Playing with Patriarchy,” 283.

Bibliography

  • Bechthold, Ilse, ed. Arbeitshilfen für die Führungstätigkeit von Frauen in Vereinen und Verbänden des Deutschen Sportbundes. Frankfurt am Main, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berndt, Inge. “Frauen im Sport in Europa.” In Ursula Voigt, ed., Mitmachen. Mitdenken. Mitlenken. 50 Jahre Frauen im Deutschen Sportbund, 61–65. Frankfurt am Main, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gori, Gioglia, and James A. Mangan, eds. Sport and the Emancipation of European Women. The Struggle for Self-Fulfilment. London and New York: Routledge, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, Jennifer. Heroines of Sport. The Politics of Difference and Identity. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lenskyj, Helen. Out of Bonds. Women, Sport and Sexuality. Toronto: Women’s Press, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangan, James A. Sport in Europe. Politics, Class, Gender. London: Cass, 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsenach, Jacqueline. “Yvonne Surrel. Une pensée toujours d’actualité.” Revue EP&S 305 (2003): 71–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jordan K. Matthews. “Tensions and Future Directions for the Women and Sport Movement.” In Louise Mansfield, Jayne Caudwell, Belinda Wheaton, and Beccy Watson, eds., The Palgrave Handbook of Feminism and Sport, Leisure and Physical Education, 181–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jennifer Parks. “Red Sport, Red Tape: The Olympic Games, the Soviet Sports Bureaucracy, and the Cold War, 1952–1980.” PhD diss., University of Chapel Hill, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, Stefan. “Cooperation and Conflict: The Case of the European Sports Conference in the 1970s and 1980s.” In Grégory Quin, Nicolas Sbetti, and Philippe Vonnard, eds., Beyond Boycotts: National, Continental and Transcontinental Sporting Relations During Cold War, 109–32. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scholl, Stefan. “Europäische Biopolitik? Das Sport-für-alle-Paradigma des Europarats in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren.” In Stefan Scholl, ed., Körperführung. Historische Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis von Biopolitik und Sport, 243–64. Frankfurt am Main and New York: Campus, 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seybold, Annemarie. “Frauensport-Seminar im Auftrag des Europa-Rates vom 9.–14. Oktober 1967 in Stockholm.” Die Leibeserziehung 17, no. 2 (1968): 56–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talbot, Margaret. “Playing with Patriarchy: The Gendered Dynamics of Sports Organizations.” In Sheila Scraton and Ann Flintoff, eds., Gender and Sport: A Reader, 277–91. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tzschoppe, Petra. “Sport für alle – Sport und Sportpolitik von und für Frauen in Deutschland.” In Michael Krüger and Dieter Jütting, eds., Sport für alle. Idee und Wirklichkeit, 248–65. Münster: Waxmann, 2017.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verbrugge, Martha. Able-Bodied Womanhood. Personal Health and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century. Boston, New York, and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vertinsky, Patricia. The Eternally Wounded Woman. Women, Doctors, and Exercise in the Late Nineteenth Century. Urbana and Chicago: Illini Books Edition, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voigt, Ursula, ed. Quotierung – ein Weg zu mehr Mitbestimmung für Frauen? Arbeitstagungen des Bundesausschusses für Frauensport des Deutschen Sportbundes am 15./16. November 1985 und am 22. März 1986. Frankfurt am Main, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voigt, Ursula, ed. Mitmachen! Mitdenken! Mitlenken! 50 Jahre Frauen im Deutschen Sportbund. Frankfurt am Main, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Leibniz-Institute for German Language, Mannheim, Germany

    Stefan Scholl

Authors
  1. Stefan Scholl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia

    Georgia Cervin

  2. University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Claire Nicolas

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Scholl, S. (2019). The Promotion of Women in Sport Within the Council of Europe and the European Sport Conference from the 1960s to the 1990s. In: Cervin, G., Nicolas, C. (eds) Histories of Women's Work in Global Sport. Palgrave Studies in Sport and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26909-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26909-8_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26908-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26909-8

  • eBook Packages: HistoryHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation