Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Special Considerations for Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Basal Cell Carcinoma

  • 1004 Accesses

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the periocular region presents unique challenges owing to the unique anatomic and functional implications of proximity of the cancer to the eye and the potential negative impact of treatments on both the visual function and aesthetic outcomes. This chapter will review the various treatment modalities and special considerations for the periocular BCC.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Cook BE Jr, Bartley GB. Epidemiologic characteristics and clinical course of patients with malignant eyelid tumors in an incidence cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Ophthalmology. 1999;106:746–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Malhotra R, Huilgol SC, Huynh NT, Selva D. The Australian Mohs database, part I: periocular basal cell carcinoma experience over 7 years. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:624–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Margo CE, Waltz K. Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid and periocular skin. Surv Ophthalmol. 1993;38:169–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Narayanan K, Hadid OH, Barnes EA. Mohs micrographic surgery versus surgical excision for periocular basal cell carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2:CD007041.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Auw-Haedrich C, Frick S, Boehringer D, Mittelviefhaus H. Histologic safety margin in basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid: correlation with recurrence rate. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:802–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Nemet AY, Deckel Y, Martin PA, et al. Management of periocular basal and squamous cell carcinoma: a series of 485 cases. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006;142:293–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Garcia-Martin E, Gil-Arribas LM, Idoipe M, et al. Comparison of imiquimod 5% cream versus radiotherapy as treatment for eyelid basal cell carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:1393–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. de Macedo EM, Carneiro RC, de Lima PP, Silva BG, Matayoshi S. Imiquimod cream efficacy in the treatment of periocular nodular basal cell carcinoma: a non-randomized trial. BMC Ophthalmol. 2015;15:35.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Chang EI, Esmaeli B, Butler CE. Eyelid reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140:724e–35e.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Fogagnolo P, Colletti G, Valassina D, Allevi F, Rossetti L. Partial and total lower lid reconstruction: our experience with 41 cases. Ophthalmol J Int d’ophtalmol Int J Ophthalmol Z Fur Augenheilkund. 2012;228:239–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tenzel RR, Stewart WB. Eyelid reconstruction by the semicircle flap technique. Ophthalmology. 1978;85:1164–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cutler NL, Beard C. A method for partial and total upper lid reconstruction. Am J Ophthalmol. 1955;39:1–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Shinder R, Esmaeli B. Reconstructive surgery for eyelid defects. In: Ophthalmic oncology. Berlin: Springer; 2010. p. 231–41.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Kakizaki H, Malhotra R, Selva D. Upper eyelid anatomy: an update. Ann Plast Surg. 2009;63:336–43.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Hayek B, Hatef E, Nguyen M, Ho V, Hsu A, Esmaeli B. Acellular dermal graft (AlloDerm) for upper eyelid reconstruction after cancer removal. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;25:426–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Sa HS, Woo KI, Kim YD. Reverse modified Hughes procedure for upper eyelid reconstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;26:155–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kakizaki H, Madge SN, Mannor G, Selva D, Malhotra R. Oculoplastic surgery for lower eyelid reconstruction after periocular cutaneous carcinoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 2009;49:143–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hurwitz JJ, Corin SM, Tucker SM. The use of free periosteal grafts in extensive lower lid reconstruction. Ophthalmic Surg. 1989;20:415–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Kim HJ, Hayek B, Nasser Q, Esmaeli B. Viability of full-thickness skin grafts used for correction of cicatricial ectropion of lower eyelid in previously irradiated field in the periocular region. Head Neck. 2013;35:103–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hewes EH, Sullivan JH, Beard C. Lower eyelid reconstruction by tarsal transposition. Am J Ophthalmol. 1976;81:512–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Hawes MJ, Grove AS Jr, Hink EM. Comparison of free tarsoconjunctival grafts and Hughes tarsoconjunctival grafts for lower eyelid reconstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27:219–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Stephenson CM, Brown BZ. The use of tarsus as a free autogenous graft in eyelid surgery. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;1:43–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Leone CR Jr, Van Gemert JV. Lower lid reconstruction using tarsoconjunctival grafts and bipedicle skin-muscle flap. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill: 1960). 1989;107:758–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Mustarde JC. New horizons in eyelid reconstruction. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1989;29:237–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Teske SA, Kersten RC, Devoto MH, Kulwin DR. The modified rhomboid transposition flap in periocular reconstruction. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998;14:360–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Leone CR Jr. Lateral canthal reconstruction. Ophthalmology. 1987;94:238–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. McCord CD, Boswell CB, Hester TR. Lateral canthal anchoring. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;112:222–37; discussion 38–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Weinstein GS, Anderson RL, Tse DT, Kersten RC. The use of a periosteal strip for eyelid reconstruction. Arch Ophthalmol (Chicago, Ill: 1960). 1985;103:357–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Leibovitch I, McNab A, Sullivan T, Davis G, Selva D. Orbital invasion by periocular basal cell carcinoma. Ophthalmology. 2005;112:717–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, Fritz A, Greene F, Trotti A. AJCC cancer staging handbook. 7th ed. New York: Springer; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Amin MB, Edge S, Greene F, Byrd DR, Brookland RK, Washington MK, Gershenwald JE, Compton CC, Hess KR, Sullivan DC, Jessup JM, Brierley JD, Gaspar LE, Schilsky RL, Balch CM, Winchester DP, Asare EA, Madera M, Gress DM, Meyer LR. AJCC cancer staging manual, vol. 8. Chicago: Springer International Publishing; 2017.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  32. Bonanno A, Esmaeli B, Fingeret MC, Nelson DV, Weber RS. Social challenges of cancer patients with orbitofacial disfigurement. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010;26:18–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Iuliano A, Strianese D, Uccello G, Diplomatico A, Tebaldi S, Bonavolonta G. Risk factors for orbital exenteration in periocular basal cell carcinoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;153:238–41.e1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sun MT, Wu A, Figueira E, Huilgol S, Selva D. Management of periorbital basal cell carcinoma with orbital invasion. Future Oncol. 2015;11:3003–10.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Avril MF, Auperin A, Margulis A, et al. Basal cell carcinoma of the face: surgery or radiotherapy? Results of a randomized study. Br J Cancer. 1997;76:100–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Bath-Hextall FJ, Perkins W, Bong J, Williams HC. Interventions for basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;1:CD003412.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Holliday EB, Esmaeli B, Pinckard J, et al. A multidisciplinary orbit-sparing treatment approach that includes proton therapy for epithelial tumors of the orbit and ocular adnexa. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016;95:344–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. US-FDA. FDA labeling information – ERIVEDGE. FDA website. 2012. Online: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/203388lbl.pdf2012.

  39. US-FDA. FDA labeling information – ODOMZO. FDA website. 2015. Online: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/205266s000lbl.pdf2015.

  40. Yin VT, Esmaeli B. Targeting the hedgehog pathway for locally advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Curr Pharm Des. 2017;23:655–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Demirci H, Worden F, Nelson CC, Elner VM, Kahana A. Efficacy of vismodegib (Erivedge) for basal cell carcinoma involving the orbit and periocular area. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;31:463–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Ozgur OK, Yin V, Chou E, et al. Hedgehog pathway inhibition for locally advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma and basal cell nevus syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol. 2015;160:220–7.e2.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Wong KY, Fife K, Lear JT, Price RD, Durrani AJ. Vismodegib for locally advanced periocular and orbital basal cell carcinoma: a review of 15 consecutive cases. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017;5:e1424.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Sagiv O, Ding S, Ferrarotto R, et al. Impact of food and drug administration approval of vismodegib on prevalence of orbital exenteration as a necessary surgical treatment for locally advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(4):350–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Sagiv O, Nagarajan P, Ferrarotto R, et al. Ocular preservation with neoadjuvant vismodegib in patients with locally advanced periocular basal cell carcinoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2019;103(6):775–80.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orbital Oncology & Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, Houston, TX, USA

    Oded Sagiv, Ho-Seok Sa & Bita Esmaeli

  2. The Sheba Medical Center, The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Oded Sagiv

  3. Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul, South Korea

    Ho-Seok Sa

Authors
  1. Oded Sagiv
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ho-Seok Sa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Bita Esmaeli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bita Esmaeli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Departments of Dermatology and Head and Neck Surgery, Mohs Surgery Center, Houston, TX, USA

    Michael R. Migden

  2. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Houston, TX, USA

    Leon Chen

  3. University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Department of Dermatology, Houston, TX, USA

    Sirunya Silapunt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sagiv, O., Sa, HS., Esmaeli, B. (2020). Special Considerations for Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma. In: Migden, M., Chen, L., Silapunt, S. (eds) Basal Cell Carcinoma. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26887-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26887-9_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26886-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26887-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation