Abstract
The innovation system and IUGP settings of Norway are of special interest because the country has transformed its oil and gas-based growth to knowledge-based development. Norwegian example is most suitable for the small-sized wealthy nations with abundant hydrocarbon resources which are committed to transform their natural capital to knowledge capital. This chapter provides a detailed account on the past and present of innovation system and IUGP initiatives that helped Norway in developing its knowledge ecosystem. We explore the cultural and institutional settings in Norway to find the needs and motivations to transform the Norwegian hydrocarbon economy to knowledge-based economy. The role of the state government has been remarkable in establishing the sector-based public research institutes and a collaborative framework between the research institutes, higher education institutes, and industry. In addition, the enactment of concession laws and the law on the right to inventions made by employees motivated the knowledge-based workforce to innovate and commercialize. At the same time, the establishment of science parks and business parks helped the young entrepreneurs and SMEs to increase their competence level and to compete at the national and international levels. Also, the decentralized public procurement helped in stimulating the domestic market for innovation. Lastly, the public-private partnership programs created further opportunities for technology transfer and commercialization.
R. Pradhananga co-authored this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arena. (2017). http://www.arenaclusters.no/the-arena-programme/arena-klyngene/. Accessed August 15, 2017.
Borlaug, B., et al. (2009). Between entrepreneurship and technology transfer: Evaluation of the FORNY programme (Rapport 19/2009. Nifu-Step).
Cleantech Scandinavia. (2009). Nordic science parks + incubators (Incubator Report-2). Cleantech Scandinavia Malmö, February 2009.
Cornell University, INSEAD, & WIPO. (2017). The global innovation index 2017—Innovation feeding the world. Ithaca, Fontainebleau, and Geneva.
EMCC. (2016). Norwegian industrial research and development contracts (IRD). Available at https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/emcc/erm/support-instrument/norwegian-industrial-researchand-development-contracts-ird.
Engen, O. A. (2009). The development of the Norwegian petroleum innovation system: A historical overview. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & B. Verspagen (Eds.), Innovation, path dependency and policy. The Norwegian case (pp. 179–207). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
European Commission. (2008). Entrepreneurship in higher education, especially within non-business studies (Final Report of the Expert Group). European Commission.
European Commission. (2010). European enterprise awards 2010 shortlist. Available at http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_MEMO-10-77_en.htm?locale=en.
European Commission. (2012). Erawatch country reports 2012: Norway. Available at https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/erawatch-country-reports-2012-norway.
European Commission. (2014). A study on R&D tax incentives. Annex: Good practice cases (Final Report). Available at https://ec.europa.eu/taxation_customs/sites/taxation/files/resources/documents/taxation/gen_info/economic_analysis/tax_papers/good_practice_cases.pdf.
Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. C., & Verspagen, B. (2009). The evolution of Norway’s national innovation system. Science and Public Policy, 36(6), 431–444.
GCE. (2017). http://www.gceclusters.no/the-arena-programme/. Accessed August 15, 2017.
Gulbrandsen, M., & Nerdrum, L. (2009a). Public sector research and industrial innovation in Norway: A historical perspective. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & B. Verspagen (Eds.), Innovation, path dependency and policy: The Norwegian innovation system. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Gulbrandsen, M., & Nerdrum, L. (2009b). University-industry relations in Norway. In J. Fagerberg, D. C. Mowery, & B. Verspagen (Eds.), Innovation, path dependency and policy: The Norwegian innovation system. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Hægeland, T., Møen, J. (2007). Input additionality in the Norwegian R&D tax credit scheme (Reports 2007). Statistics Norway.
Hanisch, T. J., & Nerheim, G. (1992). Norsk oljehistorie. Frau vantro til overmot? Norsk Petroleumsforening, Leseforeningen, 1.
IN. (2017). http://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/our-services/start-ups/. Accessed August 28, 2017.
IN IRD. (2013). http://www.innovasjonnorge.no/contentassets/68685a9f5fb6498581893886792951f8/2013-02-ird-fact-sheet.pdf. Accessed August 28, 2017.
IN RCN SIVA. (2015). Programme description Norwegian innovation clusters. Available at http://www.innovasjonnorge.no/contentassets/b80bc957214b487cb54fa1b927dbf40d/programme-description-en-12.01.15.pdf.
Jakobsen, E., Røtnes, R. (2012). Cluster programs in Norway: Evaluation of the NCE and arena programs. Menon-Publication.
Langfeldt, L., Borlaug, S. B., & Gulbrandsen, M. (2010). The Norwegian Centers of Excellence Scheme. Evaluation of Added Value and Financial Aspects (Nordic Institute for Studies in Innovation, NIFU SETP Report). Oslo.
Larédo, P., & Mustar, P. (2001). Research and innovation policies in the new global economy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
Mahieu, B. Arnold, E., Horvath, A., & Rosemberg, C. (2012). Evaluation of the research council of Norway. Technopolis-Group.
NCE. (2017). http://www.nceclusters.no/about-nce/. Accessed August 15, 2017.
NIFU. (2017). https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/2473523/Nordic%20newsletter%202016.pdf?sequence=1. Accessed December 20, 2017.
OECD. (2017a). OECD reviews of innovation policy: Norway 2017. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264277960-en.
OECD. (2017b). Public procurement for innovation: Good practices and strategies. Paris: OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/22190414.
RCN. (2004). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-vri/Programme_Description/1224529235302. Accessed August 28, 2017.
RCN. (2008). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-sfi/About_the_SFI_scheme/1224067021174. Accessed August 15, 2017.
RCN. (2009). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-forny/Programme_description/1226485703385. Accessed August 20, 2017.
RCN. (2010). Midway evaluation of the centres for research-based innovation. Evaluation Division for Innovation.
RCN. (2011). Norway’s technology transfer offices: An eye for commercializing research results. Available at https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/An_eye_for_commercialising_research_results/1253969972866.
RCN. (2012a). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-vri/Nyheter/Funding_instruments_for_regional_RD_and_innovation_evaluated/1253982002802. Accessed August 29, 2017.
RCN. (2012b). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-energix/Programme_description/1253980140102. Accessed August 28, 2017.
RCN. (2013). Midterm evaluation of centres of environment-friendly energy research. Evaluation Division for Energy, Resources and the Environment.
RCN. (2014). Revised work programme for the programme for user-driven research-based innovation (BIA). Oslo: Research Council of Norway.
RCN. (2015a). Basic and long-term research within engineering science in Norway (Report from the Principal Evaluation Committee). Oslo: Research Council of Norway.
RCN. (2015b). Research for innovation and sustainability (Strategy for the Research Council of Norway 2015–2020). Oslo: Research Council of Norway.
RCN. (2016a). Three of five Norwegian EFC grants go to centres of excellence. Available at https://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Three_of_five_Norwegian_ERC_grants_go_to_Centres_of_Excellence/1254021775768.
RCN. (2016b). Norway to fund eight new centres for environment-friendly energy research (FME). Available at https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-energisenter/Nyheter/Norway_to_fund_eight_new_Centres_for_Environmentfriendly_Energy_Research_FME/1254018487675.
RCN. (2017a). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-energisenter/About_the_centres/1222932140914. Accessed August 14, 2017.
RCN. (2017b). https://www.forskningsradet.no/prognett-petromaks2/Programme_description/1253980921389. Accessed August 28, 2017.
Rotefoss, B., Pedersen, E., Jenssen, S. A., & Kolvereid, L. (2010). The case of Norway. In A. Lundström (Ed.), Towards an entrepreneurship policy—A nordic perspective. Stockholm: Swedish Foundation for Entrepreneurship.
Simanovska, J. (2013). Green public procurement in Norway. Available on http://lpmc.lv/uploads/media/Green_public_procurement_in_Norway.pdf.
Skattefunn. (2014). https://www.skattefunn.no/prognett-skattefunn/Funding_Opportunities_and_Eligibility/1254001716647?lang=en. Accessed August 20, 2017.
SIVA. (2017a). https://siva.no/norsk-katapult/. Accessed August 28, 2017.
SIVA. (2017b). https://siva.no/om-oss/?lang=en. Accessed August 15, 2017.
Smith, K., Dietrichs, E., & Nås, S. O. (1996). The Norwegian national innovation system: A preliminary overview and assessment. Available at http://www.oecd.org/sti/inno/2373824.pdf.
The World Bank. (2017). https://data.worldbank.org/. Accessed December 17, 2017.
Ville, S., & Wicken, O. (2013). The dynamics of resource-based economic development: Evidence from Australia and Norway. Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(5), 1341–1371.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nawaz, W., Koç, M. (2020). Case Study: Norway . In: Industry, University and Government Partnerships for the Sustainable Development of Knowledge-Based Society. Management and Industrial Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26799-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26799-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26798-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26799-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)