Abstract
Dairying is a major sector for the development of socioeconomic conditions in India. The milk production in India mainly comes from millions of small farmers, and 35% of milk produced in India is pasteurized predominantly by state cooperatives, multinational companies, or government dairy plants. There are many factors that may affect the quality and safety of milk including pathogen contamination and growth, chemical contaminants, and nutrient degradation. FSSAI has established a regulatory standard for microbial and non-microbial contaminants in milk and milk products. Therefore, dairy industries or food business operators (FBOs) are needed to follow these standards during the manufacture, marketing, retails, and distribution of various dairy products. Since consumption pattern of dairy foods by the consumers and the demand for quality and safe food is increasing, the industries are under tremendous pressure to meet the requirement in one working day. Hence the need of the hour is to develop novel methods which are real-time, accurate, cost-effective, selective, no interference with other contaminants, etc. Many studies have revealed the various applications of biosensors, including environmental and bioprocess control and quality and safety control of dairy products. At present, the biosensors are applied to a large variety of samples including dairy products, food, environmental samples, etc. Further, these biosensors are integrated into nano-molecules for the development of nanobiosensor in order to improve the performance of the system in both the existing and potential sensing applications. We reviewed that the nanobiosensors are naturally sensors which are made up of nanomaterials and interestingly these are not the specialized sensors which can detect the nanoscale events and happenings. The nanobiosensors are developed by using specific recognition molecules which are integrated on a surface of the nanowire/nanotube for making a specifically sensitive to the target. The Wide spectrum of recognition molecule like single-stranded DNA, an antibody, aptamer, enzymes, protein which shows an affinity toward a target, or a protein that specifically interact with another biological molecule. These nanobiosensors are having wide application in the field of microbial quality and safety monitoring in dairy industry including antibiotics, pesticides, heavy metals, aflatoxin, and adulterants, microbial contamination including foodborne pathogens, and packaging material integration with nanobiosensor as an indicator of quality and safety of the products. Furthermore, the development of lab-on-a-chip technique by integration of analyte onto a microfluidic chip to develop an electromechanical system would provide new avenue field of nanobiosensor. However, there are still several challenges to overcome, which limit the progress of technology transfer and commercialization, mainly related to the difficulties in the integration of all the components into a single portable platform. Yet, there is still a long road ahead for this emerging technology to be fully adapted to a filed application.
Keywords
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Raghu, H.V., Parkunan, T., Kumar, N. (2020). Application of Nanobiosensors for Food Safety Monitoring. In: Dasgupta, N., Ranjan, S., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Environmental Nanotechnology Volume 4. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 32. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26668-4_3
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