Abstract
Patients who require mechanical ventilation suffer discomfort and stress due to the limited communication, constricted positions, and the primary medical or surgical condition. Sedation and analgesia are important factors in patient treatment and recovery, and different tools evaluate pain and sedation management. A correct use of sedative and analgesic drugs is fundamental for the best patient outcome and reduces hospital length of stay.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Abbreviations
- BPS:
-
Behavior Pain Scale
- CPOT:
-
Care Pain Observation Tool
- GABA:
-
γ-aminobutyric acid
- IV:
-
intravenously
- NPS:
-
Numeric Pain Scale
- PRIS:
-
Propofol-related infusion syndrome
- RSS:
-
Ramsay Sedation Scale
- RASS:
-
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale
- RASS-PAL:
-
Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale Palliative
- SAS:
-
Sedation Agitation Scale
- SCCM:
-
Society of Critical Care Medicine
References
Barr J, Fraser GL, Puntillo K, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2013;41:263–306.
Patel SB, Kress JP. Sedation and analgesia in the mechanically ventilated patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185:486–97.
Payen JF, Chanques G, Mantz J, et al. Current practices in sedation and analgesia for mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. A prospective multicenter patient-based study. Anesthesiology. 2007;106:687–95.
Sessler CN, Grap MJ, Ramsay MEA. Evaluating and monitoring analgesia and sedation in the intensive care unit. Crit Care. 2008;12(Suppl 3):S2.
Rijkenberg S, Stilma W, Endeman H, et al. Pain measurement in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: behavioral pain scale versus critical-care pain observation tool. J Crit Care. 2015;30:167–72.
Bush SH, Grassau PA, Yarmo MN, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale modified for Palliative Care Inpatients (RASS-PAL): a pilot study exploring validity and feasibility in clinical practice. BMC Palliative Care. 2014;13:17.
Krajčová A, Waldauf P, Anděl M, et al. Propofol infusion syndrome: a structured review of experimental studies and 153 published case reports. Crit Care. 2015;19:398.
Jakob SM, Ruokonen E, Grounds RM, et al. Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam or propofol for sedation during prolonged mechanical ventilation: two randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 2012;307:1151–60.
Skrobik Y, Duprey MS, Hill NS, et al. Low-dose nocturnal dexmedetomidine prevents ICU delirium. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197:1147–56.
Bugedo G, Tobar E, Aguirre M, et al. The implementation of an analgesia-based sedation protocol reduced deep sedation and proved to be safe and feasible in patients on mechanical ventilation. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2013;25:188–96.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vivona, L., Vargas, M., Servillo, G. (2020). Sedation and Analgesia in Mechanical Ventilation. In: Esquinas, A., Vargas, N. (eds) Ventilatory Support and Oxygen Therapy in Elder, Palliative and End-of-Life Care Patients . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_25
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26664-6_25
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-26663-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-26664-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)