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Status of Organophosphate Esters in the Environment of Developing Countries and Their Impact on Human Health

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Electronic Waste Pollution

Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 57))

Abstract

The presence of organophosphate ester (OPEs) in the environment of developing countries has been reviewed in the current chapter. The strict regulations about the manufacturing and usage of flame retardants (FRs) like polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) lead to the increased production and use of OPEs as FRs and plasticizers to satisfy the fire and safety guidelines. These OPEs are assumed to be environmentally safe but recent research focused on their environmental presence have raised questions on their use and impact on human health. In this chapter, data is compiled on the occurrence of OPEs in different environmental matrices including air, dust, food, water, humans, etc., from developing countries. In the end, the investigation gaps were figured out with commendations for future research work.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Nadeem Ali, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid & Khurram Shahzad

  2. Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Nabil A. Alhakamy

  3. Department of Community Health, Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Hussain Mohammad Salem Ali Albar

  4. Health and Environment Division, Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani

Authors
  1. Nadeem Ali
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  2. Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid
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  3. Nabil A. Alhakamy
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  4. Hussain Mohammad Salem Ali Albar
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  5. Khurram Shahzad
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  6. Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah Eqani
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nadeem Ali .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Ali, N., Rashid, M.I., Alhakamy, N.A., Albar, H.M.S.A., Shahzad, K., Eqani, S.A.M.A.S. (2019). Status of Organophosphate Esters in the Environment of Developing Countries and Their Impact on Human Health. In: Hashmi, M., Varma, A. (eds) Electronic Waste Pollution. Soil Biology, vol 57. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26615-8_4

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