Abstract
A premise of the book is that artificial intelligence (AI) instantiated in biocomputers, will find applications in the human anatomy. AI will allow humans to think quicker and have access to greater amounts of information. In other instances, AI may assist in the creation of music, art, and literature employing numerous technologies, such as machine learning to mimic the cognitive or creative process. Moving between a synthesized world and a real world depends on the AI model and the real world being in a one-to-one relationship.
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Notes
- 1.
Causality operates independent of the mind, as it’s a consequence of dynamically working Universe resulting from fields of force, gravitational, electronic, atomic, and so forth. Biological metabolisms likewise operate subject to causality, and in this regard are no different than inanimate chemical processes ever-present throughout nature.
- 2.
In an early calculation system, a board covered with sand was divided into lines, each line representing a different numerical position. Numbers and quantities were calculated by means of various signs drawn along the lines. The abacus was thought to have been invented in the Sumer region between 2700–2300 BCE, and was representational of an abstract entity, i.e., a number, dependent on a table of successive columns, which delimited the successive orders of magnitude of the Sumerian sexagesimal number system. However, the article comprised beads, which were moved manually. See, https://www.abacus-maths.com/abacus-history1.html.
- 3.
I take the view that although distances represent physical reality, the quantification of such is a human construct, which if all life were to become extinct, the quantifier, i.e., the numbers representing the distance would disappear as well.
- 4.
In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, an emergence occurs when an entity is observed to have properties that its parts do not manifest, but that properties or behaviors emerge only when the parts interact in a wider whole—Wikipedia.
- 5.
A, B, C have a conventional order, namely an alphabetical order, and similarly 1, 2, 3 have an order of the noted integers, and thus one particular isomorphism is “natural,” namely A ↦ 1, B ↦ 2, C ↦ 3.
- 6.
One of the precepts of AI theory is that the problems to which it is applied must be finitely describable. Human intelligence, although not provably so, is nonetheless believed to be not finitely describable, which leads to the conclusion that AI can never attain the level of potential human intelligence. It can however simulate aspects of intelligence, which are finitely describable. I add that computability theory holds that some problems have been determined unsolvable either by a human or a machine. These assumptions play significantly in consideration of whether a computational process could rise to the level of human creativity, especially as it concerns the production of something as complicated as a stage play.
- 7.
Bear in mind that obviously not all problems in the world can be analyzed by, solved by or reduced to an algorithm or mathematical formula.
- 8.
More formally, a theorem is defined to be a mathematical statement that is proven to be true. The statement 1 + 1 = 2 has definitely been proven, however, whether it’s a theorem depends on how you define 1 and 2, and + (or even just +1). If you use Peano axioms then 1 = S(0) and 2 = S(S(0)). If you further say that m + 1 = S(m) for a natural number m, then 1 + 1 = 2 can be considered as a theorem in such system of axioms. See, https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/348889/is-11-2-a-theorem.
- 9.
We are in the territory of the philosophical theory of signs and symbols that deals with their function in both artificially constructed and natural languages, comprising syntactics, semantics, and pragmatics.
- 10.
See, Reply to seven commentaries on “Consciousness in the Universe: Review of the ‘Orch OR’ Theory” Stuart Hameroff, Roger Penrose. See, https://ac.els-cdn.com/S1571064513001905/1-s2.0-S1571064513001905-main.pdf?_tid=679b0520-2b1d-4454-b200-258e662760b3&acdnat=1552411380_a6abe06781cdff2f214b36d14bf43e53.
- 11.
In 2016, Canadian researchers working at the Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, involved in eradicating muscular dystrophy, used CRISPR/Cas9.
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Carvalko Jr., J.R. (2020). Machines to Molecules. In: Conserving Humanity at the Dawn of Posthuman Technology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26407-9_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26407-9_17
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