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Epilogue

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Bolívar’s Afterlife in the Americas
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Abstract

If the story of the circulation of Bolívar’s figure turns on processes involving the formation of national, hemispheric, and academic traditions, the three spaces of engagement sometimes coinciding with one another and other times diverging, the idea that we can step outside all this is fraught with challenges. In fact, even when we claim otherwise, we cannot help but, in some manner, participate in them. All of which is not to cast doubt on the expertise that has been displayed over the decades on Bolívar and his contexts, but rather to emphasize the complexity that defines the thinking and writing of his figure on the geopolitical stage of the Americas. That complexity is, perhaps, easier to recognize in the cases of those interpreters who openly address previous or contemporary interpretations of his figure in their bid to make their vision prevail than it is in that of the vast majority who do not, claiming, to the contrary, that their version constitutes a restoration of Bolívar to his original contexts or to the contexts that, in fact, matter and in whose light we can see him accurately.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For photo see: https://www.eszaragoza.eu/2017/06/una-reina-que-lo-era-de-aragon-pero-no.html accessed July 2019.

  2. 2.

    J. L. Salcedo-Bastardo, Bolívar, un continente y un destino. (Washington, DC: Organización de los Estados Americanos; Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1972), 379.

  3. 3.

    J. L. Salcedo-Bastardo, 1977, Bolívar: A Continent and its Destiny, Ed. and trans. Annella McDermott (London: Richmond Publishing Co.), 175–179.

  4. 4.

    J. L. Salcedo-Bastardo, 1972, Bolívar, un continente y un destino (Washington, DC: Organización de los Estados Americanos; Caracas: Academia Nacional de la Historia), 108.

  5. 5.

    Ibid., 369. “Con las palabras del máximo poeta de esta hora mundial—Pablo Neruda—”

  6. 6.

    Ibid., 48.

  7. 7.

    David Bushnell, The Santander Regime in Gran Colombia (Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1954).

  8. 8.

    Hal Draper, “Karl Marx and Simón Bolívar: A Note on Authoritarian Leadership in a National-Liberation Movement,” New Politics (1st series), Vol. VII No. 1, Winter 1968: 64–67.

  9. 9.

    Hans Dieterich, Hugo Chávez con Bolívar y el Pueblo: Nace un nuevo proyecto latinoamericano (Buenos Aires: Editorial 21 SRL, 1999). “Razona el Comandante de manera secuencial y didáctica cómo el gran pensador Fidel Castro; nació del pueblo y ha mantenido la cercanía a él, usando su carisma para mantener ese vínculo esencial para el cambio; tiene humildad en el trato con la gente, se pierde entre ella sin temor a un atentado y hace sublimaciones de la realidad que llamamos “humor” y que, por un instante, disuelven nuestra individualidad en una gran comunidad de entes solidarios vibrantes, unidos entre sí.”

  10. 10.

    Oscar Reyes, “Una explicación muy llanera de Chávez,” Venezuela Analítica, June 7, 2003.

  11. 11.

    Anthony Pagden, 1995, Lords of All the Worlds: Ideologies of Spain, Britain and France c.1500 to c.1800 (New Haven: Yale University Press), 195–198.

  12. 12.

    Mary Louise Pratt, 1992, Imperial Eyes (London and New York: Routledge), 188. Pratt writes: “For, of course, not everyone was to be liberated, equalized, and fraternized by the South American revolutions any more than they were by those in France or the United States. There were many relations of labor, property, and hierarchy that the liberators had no intention, or hope, of decolonizing. Liberal projects like Bolívar’s met with ferocious resistance from traditionalist elite sectors; radical projects got nowhere. With respect to the subjugated indigenous peoples, slaves, disenfranchised mestizo and colored sectors, and women of all groups, the independence wars and their aftermath for the most part reconfirmed white male dominance, catalyzed Eurocapitalist penetration, and often intensified exploitation.”

  13. 13.

    Indalecio Liévano Aguirre, Bolívar, Prologó de Mario Briceño Perozo (Caracas: La Presidencia de la República y la Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1988).

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Conn, R.T. (2020). Epilogue. In: Bolívar’s Afterlife in the Americas. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26218-1_18

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26218-1_18

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